関: bile duct、biliary system、biliary tract、cholangio、gallduct

WordNet

plant with trees; "this lot should be treed so that the house will be shaded in summer"
stretch (a shoe) on a shoetree (同)shoetree
a figure that branches from a single root; "genealogical tree" (同)tree diagram
a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
chase an animal up a tree; "the hunters treed the bear with dogs and killed it"; "her dog likes to tree squirrels"
English actor and theatrical producer noted for his lavish productions of Shakespeare (1853-1917) (同)Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree
relating to the bile ducts or the gallbladder

PrepTutorEJDIC

『木』,樹木;(潅木)(bush, shrub),低木に対し)喬木,高木 / (低木や草質植物でも形が高木に似ている)木; / 木製具 / 久分かれした図;系統図;(特に)家系図(family tree) / 〈動物・人〉‘を'木に通い上げる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/03 13:51:32」(JST)

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Digestive system diagram showing the common bile duct

The hepatobiliary system refers to the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make bile. Bile consists of water, electrolytes, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and conjugated bilirubin. Some components are synthesised by liver cells, the rest are extracted from the blood by the liver.

Structure

Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. Between meals, secreted bile is stored in the gall bladder, where 80%-90% of the water and electrolytes can be absorbed, leaving the bile acids and cholesterol. During a meal, the smooth muscles in the gallbladder wall contract, leading to the bile being secreted into the duodenum.

Biliary tract

The biliary tract (or biliary tree, biliary system) is the common anatomical term for the path by which bile is secreted by the liver then transported to the first part of the small intestine, also known as the duodenum. A structure common to most members of the mammal family, it is referred to as a tree because it begins with many small branches which end in the common bile duct, sometimes referred to as the trunk of the biliary tree. The duct, the branches of the hepatic artery, and the portal vein form the central axis of the portal triad. Bile flows in the direction opposite to that of the blood present in the other two channels.

The name usually excludes the liver,^[1] but sometimes does include it.^[2]

The path is as follows:

Bile canaliculi >> Canals of Hering >> intrahepatic bile ductule (in portal tracts / triads) >> interlobular bile ducts >> left and right hepatic ducts >>
merge to form >> common hepatic duct >>
exits liver and joins >> cystic duct (from gall bladder) >>
forming >> common bile duct >> joins with >> pancreatic duct >>
forming >> ampulla of Vater >> enters duodenum

Function

To see how this relates to the metabolism of bile, read bilirubin metabolism.

Clinical significance

Pressure inside in the biliary tree can give rise to gallstones and lead to cirrhosis of the liver.

The biliary tract can also serve as a reservoir for intestinal tract infections. Since the biliary tract is an internal organ, it has no somatic nerve supply, and biliary colic due to infection and inflammation of the biliary tract is not a somatic pain. Rather, pain may be caused by luminal distension, which causes stretching of the wall. This is the same mechanism that causes pain in bowel obstructions.^{[citation needed]}

An obstruction of the biliary tract can result in jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. ^[3]

References

^ Biliary tract at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ "Dorlands Medical Dictionary:biliary tract".
^ "Definition: biliary tract from Online Medical Dictionary".

UpToDate Contents

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1. 総胆管診査 common bile duct exploration
2. 急性胆管炎 acute cholangitis
3. 総胆管損傷の修復 repair of common bile duct injuries
4. 悪性膵胆管閉塞に対する内視鏡下ステント留置術 endoscopic stenting for malignant pancreaticobiliary obstruction
5. オッディ括約筋機能不全の臨床症状よび診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of sphincter of oddi dysfunction

English Journal

Expression of both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma phenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma components in combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma.

Itoyama M, Hata M, Yamanegi K, Yamada N, Ohyama H, Hirano H, Terada N, Nakasho K.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
Medical molecular morphology.Med Mol Morphol.2012 Dec;45(1):7-13. Epub 2012 Mar 20.
Expression of phenotype markers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) in HCC and CC components of 20 combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinomas (CHCs) of the liver was investigated immunohistochemically. Both HCC and CC components of all CHCs expressed at least one of th
PMID 22431178

Optimizing the Administration of Fixed-Dose Rate Gemcitabine Plus Capecitabine Using an Alternating-week Schedule: A Dose Finding and Early Efficacy Study in Advanced Pancreatic and Biliary Carcinomas.

Ko AH, Espinoza AM, Jones KA, Venook AP, Bergsland EK, Kelley RK, Dito E, Ong A, Hanover CS, Coakley FV, Tempero MA.Source*Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA †Huntsman Cancer Institute at University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
American journal of clinical oncology.Am J Clin Oncol.2012 Oct;35(5):411-7.
OBJECTIVES: This multisite study sought to optimize the dosing, schedule, and administration of fixed-dose rate (FDR) gemcitabine plus capecitabine for advanced pancreatic and biliary tract cancers using an alternating-week dose schedule of both agents.METHODS: Patients with previously untreated adv
PMID 21552099

Japanese Journal

IgG4 Cholangiopathy

Zen Yoh,Nakanuma
International Journal of Hepatology 2012, 472376, 2012
… IgG4 cholangiopathy can involve any level of the biliary tree which exhibits sclerosing cholangitis or pseudotumorous hilar lesions. …
NAID 120004186280

Tutorial Review for Understanding of Cholangiopathy

Nakanuma Yasuni
International Journal of Hepatology 2012, 547840, 2012
… The biliary tree consists of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and is lined by biliary epithelial cells (or cholangiocytes). … The biliary tree is a conduit of bile secreted by hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells and also of the peribiliary glands and has several physiological roles. …
NAID 120004186276