WordNet

a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons
a salt of carbonic acid (containing the anion HCO3) in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced; an acid carbonate (同)hydrogen_carbonate

PrepTutorEJDIC

イオン
重炭酸塩

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/26 11:31:58」(JST)

wiki en

In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogen carbonate^[2]) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula HCO₃⁻.

Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system.^[3]

The prefix "bi" in "bicarbonate" comes from an outdated naming system and is based on the observation that there is two times as much carbonate (CO₃) in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and other bicarbonates as in sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and other carbonates.^[4]

Chemical properties

The bicarbonate ion (hydrogencarbonate ion) is an anion with the empirical formula HCO₃⁻ and a molecular mass of 61.01 daltons; it consists of one central carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the oxygens. It is isoelectronic with nitric acid HNO
3. The bicarbonate ion carries a negative one formal charge and is the conjugate base of carbonic acid H
2CO
3; at the same time, it is the conjugate acid of CO2−
3, the carbonate ion, as shown by these equilibrium reactions:

CO₃²⁻ + 2 H₂O HCO₃⁻ + H₂O + OH⁻ H₂CO₃ +2 OH⁻

H₂CO₃ + 2 H₂O HCO₃⁻ + H₃O⁺ + H₂O CO₃²⁻ + 2 H₃O⁺.

A bicarbonate salt forms when a positively charged ion attaches to the negatively charged oxygen atoms of the ion, forming an ionic compound. Many bicarbonates are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure, in particular sodium bicarbonate contributes to total dissolved solids, a common parameter for assessing water quality.^{[citation needed]}

Biochemical role

Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) is alkaline, and a vital component of the pH buffering system^[3] of the human body (maintaining acid-base homeostasis). 70-75% of CO₂ in the body is converted into carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which can quickly turn into bicarbonate.

With carbonic acid as the central intermediate species, bicarbonate – in conjunction with water, hydrogen ions, and carbon dioxide – forms this buffering system, which is maintained at the volatile equilibrium^[3] required to provide prompt resistance to drastic pH changes in both the acidic and basic directions. This is especially important for protecting tissues of the central nervous system, where pH changes too far outside of the normal range in either direction could prove disastrous (see acidosis or alkalosis).

Bicarbonate also acts to regulate pH in the small intestine. It is released from the pancreas in response to the hormone secretin to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach.^[5]

Bicarbonate in the environment

In freshwater ecology, strong photosynthetic activity by freshwater plants in daylight releases gaseous oxygen into the water and at the same time produces bicarbonate ions. These shift the pH upward until in certain circumstances the degree of alkalinity can become toxic to some organisms or can make other chemical constituents such as ammonia toxic. In darkness, when no photosynthesis occurs, respiration processes release carbon dioxide, and no new bicarbonate ions are produced, resulting in a rapid fall in pH.

Other uses

The most common salt of the bicarbonate ion is sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃, which is commonly known as baking soda. When heated or exposed to an acid such as acetic acid (vinegar), sodium bicarbonate releases carbon dioxide. This is used as a leavening agent in baking.

The flow of bicarbonate ions from rocks weathered by the carbonic acid in rainwater is an important part of the carbon cycle.

Bicarbonate also serves much in the digestive system. It raises the internal pH of the stomach, after highly acidic digestive juices have finished in their digestion of food. Ammonium bicarbonate is used in digestive biscuit manufacture.

Diagnostics

In diagnostic medicine, the blood value of bicarbonate is one of several indicators of the state of acid-base physiology in the body.

The parameter standard bicarbonate concentration (SBC_e) is the bicarbonate concentration in the blood at a P_aCO₂ of 40 mmHg (5.33 kPa), full oxygen saturation and 36 °C.^[6]

Reference ranges for blood tests, comparing blood content of bicarbonate (shown in blue at right) with other constituents.

Bicarbonate compounds

Sodium bicarbonate
Potassium bicarbonate
Caesium bicarbonate
Magnesium bicarbonate
Calcium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate
Carbonic acid

References

^ ^a ^b "hydrogencarbonate (CHEBI:17544)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Institute of Bioinformatics. IUPAC Names.
^ Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005, IUPAC, p. 137
^ ^a ^b ^c "Clinical correlates of pH levels: bicarbonate as a buffer". Biology.arizona.edu. October 2006.
^ http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem99/chem99492.htm
^ Berne & Levy, Principles of Physiology
^ Acid Base Balance (page 3)

External links

Look up bicarbonate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Bicarbonates at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人における代謝性アシドーシスへのアプローチ approach to the adult with metabolic acidosis
2. 腎尿細管性アシドーシスの概要と病態生理、およびカリウムバランスへの影響 overview and pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis and the effect on potassium balance
3. 乳酸アシドーシスにおける重炭酸療法 bicarbonate therapy in lactic acidosis
4. 小児蘇生法における第一選択剤 primary drugs in pediatric resuscitation
5. 代謝性アルカローシスの病因 pathogenesis of metabolic alkalosis

English Journal

Requirements for ion and solute transport, and pH regulation during enamel maturation.

Lacruz RS, Smith CE, Moffatt P, Chang EH, Bromage TG, Bringas P Jr, Nanci A, Baniwal SK, Zabner J, Welsh MJ, Kurtz I, Paine ML.SourceCenter for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. rodrigo@usc.edu.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2012 Apr;227(4):1776-85. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22911.
Transcellular bicarbonate transport is suspected to be an important pathway used by ameloblasts to regulate extracellular pH and support crystal growth during enamel maturation. Proteins that play a role in amelogenesis include members of the ABC transporters (SLC gene family and CFTR). A number of
PMID 21732355

Determination of hydromorphone in human plasma by a sensitive RP-HPLC-ESI-MS method and its application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study in postoperative patients after low dose intravenous administration with infusion pump.

Sun L, Pan Y, Ding L, Luo X, Yan Z, Liu C, Qian Y, Chu Y.SourceDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.J Pharm Biomed Anal.2012 Mar 5;61:15-21. Epub 2011 Nov 20.
A sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of hydromorphone in human plasma using naloxone as the internal standard (IS). After alkalization with saturated s
PMID 22169470

The effect of chitosan on transcellular and paracellular mechanisms in the intestinal epithelial barrier.

Rosenthal R, Günzel D, Finger C, Krug SM, Richter JF, Schulzke JD, Fromm M, Amasheh S.SourceInstitute of Clinical Physiology, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2012 Mar;33(9):2791-800. Epub 2012 Jan 9.
Chitosan is employed as an absorption enhancer for drug delivery strategies. Aim of this study was to investigate the rapid effects on barrier properties of the intestinal epithelial cell model HT-29/B6. Chitosan (0.005%) induced a fast decrease in transepithelial resistance (R(t)) which was complet
PMID 22230222

Japanese Journal

ペルオキシナイトライトとヒト組換え銅・亜鉛-SODの反応における炭酸水素イオンの影響

松本孝,山倉文幸,池田啓一,川崎広明
學苑 842, 41-44, 2010-12-01
NAID 110007860996

Evaluation of Resveratrol Oxidation in Vitro and the Crucial Role of Bicarbonate Ions

YANG Nae-Cherng,LEE Cheng-Hao,SONG Tuzz-Ying
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 74(1), 63-68, 2010-01-23
… Including sodium bicarbonate in the medium markedly stimulated resveratrol degradation and H2O2 production. … In sum, we found that bicarbonate ions played a crucial role in the oxidative degradation of resveratrol in vitro, and that the degradation of resveratrol can be avoided by withdrawing sodium bicarbonate from the medium. …
NAID 10027550037

炭酸塩を含む地層処分模擬環境における純銅のアノード分極挙動と皮膜破壊電位の検討

川崎学,谷口直樹,内藤守正
材料と環境 : zairyo-to-kankyo 58(11), 386-394, 2009-11-15
NAID 10026347104

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「重炭酸イオン」
関連記事	「ion」「ION」

「重炭酸イオン」

Bicarbonate
	Systematic name Hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1−)
	Other names Hydrogencarbonate
Identifiers
CAS number	71-52-3
PubChem	769
ChemSpider	749
KEGG	C00288
ChEBI	CHEBI:17544
ChEMBL	CHEMBL363707
Beilstein Reference	3903504
Gmelin Reference	49249
3DMet	B00080
Jmol-3D images	Image 1; Image 2
	SMILES O[c-](:o):o OC([O-])=O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/p-1 ; Key: BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M ;
Properties
Molecular formula	HCO−; 3
Molar mass	61.0168 g mol−1
log P	−0.82
Acidity (pKa)	10.3 (Conjugate acid of carbonate)
Basicity (pKb)	7.7 (Conjugate base of carbonic acid)
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: bicarbonate ion, HCO₃^-
関: 二酸化炭素、重炭酸。酸塩基平衡。血液ガス分析

基準値

arterial blood gases [HCO₃^-]：22-30 mEq/l (HIM. A-3)。24±2 mEq/l

生理学

血中重炭酸イオン濃度と尿への重炭酸イオンの排泄

血中重炭酸イオン濃度が24mEq/l以下では原尿中の重炭酸イオンはほとんどが再吸収される。
血中重炭酸イオン濃度が24mEq/lを超えると、超過分は尿中に排泄される。

腎臓におけるHCO3-の再吸収量

1. 血清カリウム濃度と負の相関関係　　血清カリウム濃度↓　→　腎HCO3-再吸収量↑
2. 有効循環血漿量と負の相関関係　　有効循環血漿量↓　→　腎HCO3-再吸収量↑
3. 血清カルシウム濃度と正の相関関係　血清カルシウム濃度↑　→　腎HCO3-再吸収量↑

臨床関連

重炭酸イオン欠乏症候群

電解質異常

「ion」

　　[★]

イオン

関: ionic

「ION」

　　[★] 特発性大腿骨頭壊死症

[hydrogencarbonate_.28CHEBI:17544.29-1] "hydrogencarbonate (CHEBI:17544)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Institute of Bioinformatics. IUPAC Names.

[2] Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005, IUPAC, p. 137

[veq-3] "Clinical correlates of pH levels: bicarbonate as a buffer". Biology.arizona.edu. October 2006.

[4] ttp://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem99/chem99492.htm

[5] Berne & Levy, Principles of Physiology

[6] Acid Base Balance (page 3)

匿名

検索

案内

案内

bicarbonate ion