beta-agonist

• β刺激薬、β受容体刺激薬、β作動薬、β作用薬

WordNet

1. to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
2. work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
3. have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
4. be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
5. happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
6. have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
7. occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
8. spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
9. stake on the outcome of an issue; "I bet $100 on that new horse"; "She played all her money on the dark horse" (同)wager, play
10. the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet" (同)wager
11. maintain with or as if with a bet; "I bet she will be there!" (同)wager
12. second in order of importance; "the candidate, considered a beta male, was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory"
13. the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet
14. preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; "a beta version"; "beta software"
15. (biochemistry) a drug that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction
16. a muscle that contracts while another relaxes; "when bending the elbow the biceps are the agonist"
17. someone involved in a contest or battle (as in an agon)
18. beets (同)genus Beta

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
2. 『かけ』・(…との)かけ《+『with』+『名』》 / かけた物(金) / かけの対象 / 〈金・物〉'を'『かける』 / (かけ事・ゲームなどで)〈人〉‘と'『かけをする』《+『名』〈人〉+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)『かける』《+『on』(『against』)+『名』(one's do『ing』)》
3. ベータ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第2文字;B,β;英語のB,b に遭当)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/26 02:56:55」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

"Beta agonist" redirects here

Beta Adrenergic receptor agonists
Drug class
Skeletal structor formula of Salbutamol. A widely used medication to treat asthma attacks
Use	Bradycardia, Asthma, heart failure, etc.
Biological target	Adrenergic receptors (β subtype)
ATC code	R03
External links
MeSH	D000318

Beta-adrenergic agonists are a class of sympathomimetic agents which act upon the beta adrenoceptors. In general, pure beta-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of beta blockers. Beta adrenoreceptor agonist ligands mimic the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling in the heart, lungs and smooth muscle tissue, with epinephrine being the highest affinity. The activation of β1, β2 and β3 activates the enzyme, Adenylate cyclase. This in turn leads to the activation of the secondary messenger Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and induces smooth muscle relaxation and contraction of the cardiac tissue.

Function

Adrenaline

Activation of β1 receptors induces positive inotropic, chronotropic output of the cardiac muscle, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure, secretion of ghrelin from the stomach, and renin release from the kidneys. Activation of β2 receptors induces smooth muscle relaxation in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, uterus, and various blood vessels. Increased heart rate and heart muscle contraction is also associated with the β2 receptors. β3 receptors are mainly located in adipose tissue. Activation of the β3 receptors induces the metabolism of lipids.

Medical uses

Indications of administration for beta agonists include the following:

• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Heart failure
• allergic reactions
• an antidote to beta blocker poisoning

Side effects

Although minor compared to epinephrine, beta agonists usually have mild to moderate adverse effects, which includes anxiety, hypertension, increased heart rate and insomnia. Other side effects include headaches and essential tremor. Indications of hypoglycemia were also reported due to secretion of insulin in the body from activation of beta-2 receptors.

Receptor selectivity

Most agonists of the beta receptors are selective for one or more beta-adrenoreceptors. For example, patients with low heart rate are given beta agonist treatments that are more "cardio-selective" such as dobutamine, which increases the force of contraction of the heart muscle. Patients who are suffering from a chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are treated with albuterol, which mainly induces smooth muscle relaxation in the lungs and less contraction of the heart. Beta-3 agonists are currently in clinical research and are thought to increase the breakdown of lipids in obese patients.

β₁ agonists

Main article: Beta-1 adrenergic receptor#agonists

β₁ agonists: stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity; opening of calcium channel. (cardiac stimulants; used to treat cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, bradyarrhythmias). Selected examples are:

• Dobutamine
• Isoproterenol (β₁ and β₂)
• Xamoterol
• epinephrine

β₂ agonists

Main article: Beta₂-adrenergic agonist

β₂ agonists: stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity; closing of calcium channel (smooth muscle relaxants; used to treat asthma and COPD). Selected examples are:

• salbutamol (albuterol in USA)
• Levosalbutamol (Levalbuterol in USA)
• Fenoterol
• Formoterol
• Isoproterenol (β₁ and β₂)
• Metaproterenol
• Salmeterol
• Terbutaline
• Clenbuterol
• Isoetarine
• pirbuterol
• procaterol
• ritodrine
• epinephrine

Undetermined/unsorted

The following agents are also listed as agonists by MeSH.

• arbutamine
• befunolol
• bromoacetylalprenololmenthane
• broxaterol
• cimaterol
• cirazoline
• denopamine
• dopexamine
• etilefrine
• hexoprenaline
• higenamine
• isoxsuprine
• mabuterol
• methoxyphenamine
• nylidrin
• oxyfedrine
• prenalterol
• ractopamine
• reproterol
• rimiterol
• tretoquinol
• tulobuterol
• zilpaterol
• zinterol

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 喘息におけるβ刺激剤：急性期投与および予防的使用 beta agonists in asthma acute administration and prophylactic use
• 2. 喘息におけるβ刺激剤：長期使用に関する議論 beta agonists in asthma controversy regarding chronic use
• 3. 昇圧剤および強心剤の使用 use of vasopressors and inotropes
• 4. 小児における高カリウム血症のマネージメント management of hyperkalemia in children
• 5. 切迫早産の予防 inhibition of acute preterm labor

English Journal

• Development of an enzyme-linked-receptor assay based on Syrian hamster β2-adrenergic receptor for detection of β-agonists.

• Cheng G1, Li F2, Peng D2, Huang L2, Hao H1, Liu Z2, Wang Y3, Yuan Z4.
• Analytical biochemistry.Anal Biochem.2014 Aug 15;459:18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.05.005. Epub 2014 May 20.
• β-Adrenergic agonists (β-agonists) are illegally used in animal husbandry, threatening the health of consumers. To realize multianalyte detection of β-agonists, a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) was cloned from Syrian hamster lung and heterogeneously expressed by Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell
• PMID 24853343

• Pharmacological Consequences of Inhaled Drug Delivery to Small Airways in the Treatment of Asthma.

• Bodzenta-Łukaszyk A1, Kokot M.
• Advances in therapy.Adv Ther.2014 Aug 13. [Epub ahead of print]
• Small peripheral airways are an important target for the anti-inflammatory treatment of asthma. To make anti-inflammatory drugs (inhaled corticosteroids [ICS]) effectively reach small airways, they should be delivered using inhalation techniques containing high proportions of fine or super-fine part
• PMID 25116888

• Use of Heliox Delivered via High-Flow Nasal Cannula to Treat an Infant With Coronavirus-Related Respiratory Infection and Severe Acute Air-Flow Obstruction.

• Morgan SE1, Vukin K2, Mosakowski S3, Solano P3, Stanton L3, Lester L4, Lavani R5, Hall JB6, Tung A7.
• Respiratory care.Respir Care.2014 Aug 12. pii: respcare.02728. [Epub ahead of print]
• Heliox, a helium-oxygen gas mixture, has been used for many decades to treat obstructive pulmonary disease. The lower density and higher viscosity of heliox relative to nitrogen-oxygen mixtures can significantly reduce airway resistance when an anatomic upper air-flow obstruction is present and gas
• PMID 25118308

Japanese Journal

• リトドリン塩酸塩の点滴投与中に発生した有害事象に関する検討 : 後発医薬品を先発医薬品に変更した11症例の解析 (平成23年度後期学術集会一般演題)

• 仲神 宏子,岡垣 竜吾,難波 聡 [他]
• 埼玉産科婦人科学会雑誌 = Saitama journal of obstetrics and gynecology 42, 16-20, 2012-00-00
• NAID 40019504584

• Airway dilatation after inhalation of a beta-agonist

• TAMURA G.
• N. Engl. J. Med. 352, e14, 2005
• NAID 30022562518

• Ion Transport in the Lung Alveolar Epithelium (特集 肺--そのユニークな構造と機能)

• Marunaka Yoshinori,Niisato Naomi
• 膜 27(5), 221-232, 2002-09-01
• NAID 50000642772

Related Links

• Beta-agonist definition - MedicineNet - Health and Medical ...

Featured Image Picture of Psoriasis A reddish, scaly rash often located over the surfaces of the elbows, knees, scalp, and around or in the ears, navel, genitals ... Beta-agonist: A bronchodilator medicine that opens the airways by ...

• American Thoracic Society - What Are Beta-Agonists?

What problems (side-effects) should I watch for with beta-agonists? Beta-agonists mainly affect the muscles in the airways. They may also affect the muscles in the heart and around the bones. When the muscles in the heart are ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「β受容体刺激薬」「β作動薬」「β作用薬」
拡張検索	「beta-agonists」
関連記事	「beta」「be」

「β受容体刺激薬」

　　[★]

英

beta-agonist, β-receptor stimulant

同

β受容体興奮薬、β刺激薬、β作動薬、β作用薬

関

アドレナリン受容体

「β作動薬」

　　[★]

英

beta-agonist

関

β刺激薬、β作用薬、β受容体刺激薬

「β作用薬」

　　[★]

英

beta-agonist

関

β刺激薬、β作動薬、β受容体刺激薬

「beta-agonists」

　　[★]

関

Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists

「beta」

　　[★]

β、ベータ 　 　 　 　

「be」

　　[★]