WordNet

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/20 18:12:11」(JST)

An anti-diarrhoeal drug (or anti-diarrheal drug in American English) is any medication which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhoea.

Electrolyte solutions, while not true antidiarrhoeals, are used to replace lost fluids and salts in acute cases.
Bulking agents like methylcellulose, guar gum or plant fibre (bran, sterculia, isabgol, etc.) are used for diarrhoea in functional bowel disease and to control ileostomy output.
Absorbents absorb toxic substances that cause infective diarrhoea, methylcellulose is an absorbent.
Anti-inflammatory compounds such as bismuth subsalicylate.
Anticholinergics reduce intestinal movement and are effective against both diarrhoea and accompanying cramping.
Opioids' classical use besides pain relief is as an anti-diarrhoeal drug. Opioids have agonist actions on the intestinal opioid receptors, which when activated cause constipation. Drugs such as morphine or codeine can be used to relieve diarrhoea this way. A notable opioid for the purpose of relief of diarrhoea is loperamide which is only an agonist of the μ opioid receptors in the large intestine and does not have opioid affects in the central nervous system as it doesn't cross the blood–brain barrier in significant amounts. This enables loperamide to be used to the same benefit as other opioid drugs but without the CNS side effects or potential for abuse.

Mutschler, Ernst; Schäfer-Korting, Monika (2001). Arzneimittelwirkungen (in German) (8 ed.). Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft. pp. 652–4. ISBN 3-8047-1763-2.

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

Marraffa JM1, Holland MG, Sullivan RW, Morgan BW, Oakes JA, Wiegand TJ, Hodgman MJ.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.).Clin Toxicol (Phila).2014 Nov;52(9):952-7. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.969371.
Abstract Context. Prescription opioid abuse is a major public health concern and an ongoing epidemic in the United States. Loperamide is a widely available and inexpensive over-the-counter antidiarrheal with peripheral mu-opioid receptor activity. Online resources discuss the use of loperamide for t
PMID 25345436

Activation of the endogenous nociceptin system by selective nociceptin receptor agonist SCH 221510 produces antitransit and antinociceptive effect: a novel strategy for treatment of diarrhea-predominant IBS.

Fichna J1, Sobczak M, Mokrowiecka A, Cygankiewicz AI, Zakrzewski PK, Cenac N, Sałaga M, Timmermans JP, Vergnolle N, Małecka-Panas E, Krajewska WM, Storr M.
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.Neurogastroenterol Motil.2014 Nov;26(11):1539-50. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12390. Epub 2014 Jul 15.
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, defined by the presence of loose stools and abdominal pain. In search for a novel anti-IBS-D therapy, here we investigated the nociceptin receptor (NOP)-dependent effects in the GI tract
PMID 25041572

Chemical composition and in vitro cytotoxic effects of the essential oil from Nectandra leucantha leaves.

Grecco SD1, Martins EG, Girola N, de Figueiredo CR, Matsuo AL, Soares MG, Bertoldo BD, Sartorelli P, Lago JH.
Pharmaceutical biology.Pharm Biol.2014 Oct 23:1-5. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Context: Nectandra (Lauraceae) species have been used in folk medicine as an antidiarrheal, analgesic, antifungal, etc., and have many pharmacological proprieties. Objective: Investigation of the chemical composition and cytotoxicity of essential oil from Nectandra leucantha Nees & Mart
PMID 25339603

Treatment of Fecal Incontinence: State of the Science Summary for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop.

Whitehead WE1, Rao SS2, Lowry A3, Nagle D4, Varma M5, Bitar KN6, Bharucha AE7, Hamilton FA8.
The American journal of gastroenterology.Am J Gastroenterol.2014 Oct 21. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.303. [Epub ahead of print]
This is the second of a two-part summary of a National Institutes of Health conference on fecal incontinence (FI) that summarizes current treatments and identifies research priorities. Conservative medical management consisting of patient education, fiber supplements or antidiarrheals, behavioral te
PMID 25331348

五十嵐信智
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 133(9), 955-961, 2013
… Future studies of the enteric AQP3 expression level and water transport may aid in the development of new laxative and antidiarrheal agents that target AQP3. …
NAID 130003361988

BIWEEKLY ADMINISTRATION OF IRINOTECAN (CPT-11) PLUS CISPLATIN WITH AN ANTIDIARRHEAL PROGRAM OF INTESTINAL ALKALIZATION TO REDUCE DIARRHEA IN CANCER PATIENTS

Kobayashi Kunihiko,Sakuyama Toshikazu,Koizumi Wasaburo,Sato Atsushi,Konishi Hideki,Shimizu Atsushi,Fujimori Mototsugu,Noro Rintaro,Kotajima Futoshi,Kudoh Shoji,Kurihara Minoru
Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy 20(2), 52-57, 2012
… Methods: CPT-11 plus CDDP were administered biweekly with an antidiarrheal program consisting of sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide to patients with various malignancies. …
NAID 130002068758

Postoperative Bowel Function and Nutritional Status following Distal Pancreatectomy with En-Bloc Celiac Axis Resection

Hirano Satoshi,Kondo Satoshi,Tanaka Eiichi,Shichinohe Toshiaki,Tsuchikawa Takahiro,Kato Kentaro,Matsumoto Joe
Digestive Surgery 27(3), 212-216, 2010-08
… Postoperative bowel function was estimated by the requirement of antidiarrheal agents. …
NAID 120002386826

荒井勝彦,日置智津子,張民浩 [他],高士将典,新井信,和泉俊一郎
日本東洋醫學雜誌 = Japanese journal of oriental medicine 61(3), 308-312, 2010-05-20
症例は33歳，男性。潰瘍性大腸炎による下血の初回発作と再発作において，経時的に病態が変化し，初回発作とは異なる方剤により緩解した症例を経験したので報告する。X年5月，下血にて発症。他施設にて精査し，潰瘍性大腸炎（直腸炎型）と診断され，5‐ASAとステロイド座薬，整腸剤を投与するも緩解せず，漢方治療を希望され，当科受診した。前述した薬に加えて，柴苓湯エキス（9.0g／日）と芎帰膠艾湯エキス（9.0g …
NAID 10030705168

リンク元	「止瀉薬」「止痢」「antipropulsive」「antidiarrheic」「antidiarrhoeal」
拡張検索	「antidiarrheal drug」「antidiarrheal agent」
関連記事	「antidiarrheals」