硫安塩析

WordNet

the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist) (同)downfall
the process of forming a chemical precipitate
the quantity of water falling to earth at a specific place within a specified period of time; "the storm brought several inches of precipitation"
an unexpected acceleration or hastening; "he is responsible for the precipitation of his own demise"
the act of casting down or falling headlong from a height
convert into a sulfate
a salt or ester of sulphuric acid (同)sulphate
the ion NH4 derived from ammonia; behaves in many respects like an alkali metal ion (同)ammonium_ion

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉突然の大あわて / 〈C〉〈U〉(化学で)沈殿物;〈U〉沈殿 / 〈U〉降雨,降雪;降雨量,降雪量
アンモニウム,アンモニア塩基

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/21 15:17:21」(JST)

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Ammonium sulfate precipitation is a method used to purify proteins by altering their solubility. It is a specific case of a more general technique known as salting out.

Ammonium sulfate is commonly used as its solubility is so high that salt solutions with high ionic strength are allowed.

The solubility of proteins varies according to the ionic strength of the solution, and hence according to the salt concentration. Two distinct effects are observed: at low salt concentrations, the solubility of the protein increases with increasing salt concentration (i.e. increasing ionic strength), an effect termed salting in. As the salt concentration (ionic strength) is increased further, the solubility of the protein begins to decrease. At sufficiently high ionic strength, the protein will be almost completely precipitated from the solution (salting out).

Since proteins differ markedly in their solubilities at high ionic strength, salting-out is a very useful procedure to assist in the purification of a given protein. The commonly used salt is ammonium sulfate, as it is very water soluble, forms two ions high in the Hofmeister series, and has no adverse effects upon enzyme activity. It is generally used as a saturated aqueous solution which is diluted to the required concentration, expressed as a percentage concentration of the saturated solution (a 100% solution).

In the preliminary test, the ammonium sulfate concentration is increased stepwise, and the precipitated protein is recovered at each stage. This is usually done by adding solid ammonium sulfate, but calculating how much ammonium sulfate to add to a solution at one concentration to achieve a desired higher concentration is tricky, since addition of ammonium sulfate significantly increases the volume of the solution. The amount to add can be determined either from published nomograms or by using an online calculator. ^[1] Each protein precipitate is dissolved individually in fresh buffer and assayed for total protein content and amount of desired protein. The aim is to find the ammonium sulfate concentration which will precipitate the maximum proportion of undesired protein, whilst leaving most of the desired protein still in solution or vice versa.

The precipitated protein is then removed by centrifugation and then the ammonium sulfate concentration is increased to a value that will precipitate most of the protein of interest whilst leaving the maximum amount of protein contaminants still in solution. The precipitated protein of interest is recovered by centrifugation and dissolved in fresh buffer for the next stage of purification.

This technique is useful to quickly remove large amounts of contaminant proteins, as a first step in many purification schemes. It is also often employed during the later stages of purification to concentrate protein from dilute solution following procedures such as gel filtration.

References

^ "Ammonium Sulfate Calculator". EnCor Biotechnology Inc. Retrieved April 2013.

External links

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English Journal

A biologically active vMIP-II-IgG3-TfN fusion protein, secreted from methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris.

Wang F, Li XY, Mo XM, Zhang G, Sun HX.SourceInstitute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Protein expression and purification.Protein Expr Purif.2013 Jan;87(1):47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.09.015. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
The viral macrophage inflammatory protein II (vMIP-II) which showed a broad-spectrum interaction with both CC and CXC chemokine receptors including CCR5 and CXCR4, two principal coreceptors for the cell entry of human immunodeficiency virus. To explore the feasibility of using TfN as a carrier moiet
PMID 23098918

Purification of monoclonal antibodies, IgG1, from cell culture supernatant by use of metal chelate convective interaction media monolithic columns.

Rajak P, Vijayalakshmi MA, Jayaprakash NS.SourceCentre for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.Biomed Chromatogr.2012 Dec;26(12):1488-93. doi: 10.1002/bmc.2721. Epub 2012 Feb 24.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have diverse applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. The recent advancement in hybridoma technology for large-scale production of MAbs in bioreactors demands rapid and efficient purification methods. Conventional affinity purification systems have drawbacks of low
PMID 22362585

Japanese Journal

No significant difference in N_2O emission, fertilizer-induced N_2O emission factor and CH_4 absorption between anaerobically digested cattle slurry and chemical fertilizer applied timothy (Phleum pratense L.) sward in central Hokkaido, Japan(Environment)

SAWAMOTO Takuji,YOSHIDA Ryou,ABE Kotomi,MATSUNAKA Teruo
Soil science and plant nutrition 56(3), 492-502, 2010-06
… Ammonium sulfate was applied to the CF plots at the same application rate of NH_4-N to the ADCS plots. … year^<-1>), probably as a result of lower precipitation in the first year. …
NAID 110008144347

Toxic isolectins from the mushroom Boletus venenatus.

Horibe Masashi,Kobayashi Yuka,Dohra Hideo,Morita Tatsuya,Murata Takeomi,Usui Taichi,Nakamura-Tsuruta Sachiko,Kamei Masugu,Hirabayashi Jun,Matsuura Masanori,Yamada Mina,Saikawa Yoko,Hashimoto Kimiko,Nakata Masaya,Kawagishi Hirokazu
Phytochemistry 71(5-6), 648-657, 2010-04
… venenatus lectins, BVLs) was isolated as the toxic principles from the mushroom by successive 80% ammonium sulfate-precipitation, Super Q anion-exchange chromatography, and TSK-gel G3000SW gel filtration. …
NAID 120002227905

Centrifugal precipitation chromatography

ITO Yoichiro,QI Lin
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 878(2), 154-164, 2010-01-15
NAID 10028031182

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「硫安塩析」
関連記事	「precipitation」「sulfate」「ammonium」「sulfated」「ammonium sulfate」

「硫安塩析」

　　[★]

英: ammonium sulfate precipitation

「precipitation」

　　[★]

n.

投下、落下。(気)降水/降水量、降雨量。沈積。(理・化)沈殿。(理・化)析出。(生)沈降。
急激、邁進。大騒ぎ、あわてて。軽挙。促進。

the main classes of drugs that may cause orthostatic hypotension are diuretics. however, the precipitation of orthostatic hypotension by medications may also be the first sign of an underlying autonomic disorder.