外気温、外界温度

WordNet

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)
the somatic sensation of cold or heat
completely enveloping; "the ambient air"; "ambient sound"; "the ambient temperature"

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〈C〉〈U〉『温度』,気温 / 〈C〉〈U〉(人・動物の)『体温』 / 《a ~》平常より高い熱,高熱
周囲の,周りの,取り巻いている

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/09 22:40:15」(JST)

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Mercury-in-glass thermometer for measurement of room temperature

Colloquially, room temperature refers to the range of temperatures that people tend to prefer for indoor settings. It represents the small range of temperatures at which the air feels neither hot nor cold when wearing the typical indoor clothing. The range is approximately between 15 °C (59 °F) and 30 °C (86 °F)^[1] and various methods of climate control are often employed to maintain this thermal comfort level. In certain fields, like science and engineering, and within a particular context, "room temperature" may have an agreed upon value for temperature.

Comfort levels

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language identifies room temperature as around 20 to 22 °C (68 to 72 °F).^[2]

Owing to variations in humidity and likely clothing, recommendations for summer and winter may vary; a suggested typical range for summer is 23 °C (73 °F) to 25.5 °C (78 °F), with that for winter being 20 °C (68 °F) to 23.5 °C (74 °F).^[3] Although by other considerations the maximum should be below 24 °C (75 °F) – and for sick building syndrome avoidance, below 22 °C (72 °F).^[3]

According to the West Midlands Public Health Observatory (UK),^[4] an adequate level of wintertime warmth is 21 °C (70 °F) for a living room, and a minimum of 18 °C (64 °F) for other occupied rooms, giving 24 °C (75 °F) as a maximum comfortable room temperature for sedentary adults.^[5] At temperatures below 20 °C (68 °F), increased risk of death has been observed, and winter deaths reportedly rise at a rate of about 1.4% per degree below 18 °C (64 °F).^[5]

Ambient versus room temperature

Room temperature implies a temperature inside a temperature-controlled building. Ambient temperature simply means "the temperature of the surroundings" and will be the same as room temperature indoors. In many languages, such as Spanish, Portuguese and Italian, there is an expression for ambient temperature, but no distinct translation for room temperature.^[6]

References

^ Merriam Webster's Medical Dictionary. 2016.
^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). 2014.
^ ^a ^b Burroughs, H. E.; Hansen, Shirley (2011). Managing Indoor Air Quality. Fairmont Press. pp. 149–151. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
^ Hartley, Anne (1 March 2006). "Fuel Poverty". West Midlands Public Health Observatory. Birmingham, UK: West Midlands Public Health Observatory. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
^ ^a ^b Roberts, Michelle (27 October 2006). "Why more people die in the winter". BBC News. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
^ "ambiente". WordReference.com Spanish-English Dictionary. WordReference.com. Retrieved 20 September 2011.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Identification of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (XTHs) and their expression in persimmon fruit as influenced by 1-methylcyclopropene and gibberellic acid during storage at ambient temperature.

Zhu Q, Zhang Z, Rao J, Huber DJ, Lv J, Hou Y, Song K.SourceCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2013 May 1;138(1):471-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.141. Epub 2012 Nov 10.
Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) is thought to contribute to fruit softening by degrading xyloglucan that is a predominant hemicellulose in the cell wall. In this study, two full-length XTH genes (DKXTH1 and DKXTH2) were identified from 'Fupingjianshi' persimmon fruit, and the express
PMID 23265513

Sex differences in relationships between habitual physical activity and health in the elderly: Practical implications for epidemiologists based on pedometer/accelerometer data from the Nakanojo Study.

Aoyagi Y, Shephard RJ.SourceExercise Sciences Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: aoyagi@tmig.or.jp.
Archives of gerontology and geriatrics.Arch Gerontol Geriatr.2013 Mar;56(2):327-38. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.11.006. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
We review sex differences in the relationship between habitual physical activity and health in the elderly, with particular reference to pedometer/accelerometer data from the Nakanojo Study. Maximal aerobic power, walking speed and habitual physical activity are 10-30% greater in men than in women.
PMID 23312568

Indirect prediction of surface ozone concentration by plant growth responses in East Asia using mini-open top chambers.

Kohno Y, Matsumura H, Miwa M, Yonekura T, Aihara K, Umponstira C, Le VT, Ngoc NT, Viet PH, Wei M.SourceCentral Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan, yoshihisakohno@gmail.com.
Environmental monitoring and assessment.Environ Monit Assess.2013 Mar;185(3):2755-65. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2746-2. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
We developed small and mobile open top chambers (mini-OTC) measuring 0.6 m (W) × 0.6 m (D) × 1.2 m (H) with an air duct of 0.6 m (W) × 0.23 m (D) × 1.2 m (H). The air duct can be filled with activated charcoal to blow charcoal filtered air (CF) into the chamber, as opposed
PMID 22752963

Japanese Journal

Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study

Gasparrini Antonio,Guo Yuming,Hashizume Masahiro,Lavigne Eric,Zanobetti Antonella,Schwartz Joel,Tobias Aurelio,Tong Shilu,Rocklöv Joacim,Forsberg Bertil,Leone Michela,De Sario Manuela,Bell Michelle L,Guo Yue-Liang Leon,Wu Chang-fu,Kan Haidong,Yi Seung-Muk,de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho Micheline,Saldiva Paulo Hilario Nascimento,Honda Yasushi,Kim Ho,Armstrong Ben
The Lancet 386(9991), 369-375, 2015-07-25
… Background: Although studies have provided estimates of premature deaths attributable to either heat or cold in selected countries, none has so far offered a systematic assessment across the whole temperature range in populations exposed to different climates. … We aimed to quantify the total mortality burden attributable to non-optimum ambient temperature, and the relative contributions from heat and cold and from moderate and extreme temperatures. …
NAID 120005625364

仁和寺九所明神の外壁における藻類生育と周辺環境との関係

中嶋麻起子,鉾井修一,小椋大輔
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焦電型自動撮影カメラの検知率に背景温度と動物の体表温度が及ぼす影響

山田啓貴,安藤元一
東京農業大学農学集報 60(1), 57-62, 2015-06-19
近年における野生動物自動撮影カメラの大部分は,焦電型センサーを用いており,背景温度と対象動物の体表温度との温度差を検知して作動する。本研究の目的は,背景温度と動物体表温度が動物の検知率に与える影響を明らかにすることである。実験には3機種のカメラ(FieldNote Duo,LtlAcorn5210およびTrophyCam Basic Model)を用い,表面温度38℃の被写体の検知率をさまざまな背 …
NAID 110009917592