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abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/25 04:30:54」(JST)

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Alkalosis refers to a process reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma (alkalemia). In contrast to acidemia (serum pH 7.35 or lower), alkalemia occurs when the serum pH is higher than normal (7.45 or higher). Alkalosis is usually divided into the categories of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis or a combined alkolosis.

Causes

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation,^[1] resulting in a loss of carbon dioxide. Compensatory mechanisms for this would include increased dissociation of the carbonic acid buffering intermediate into hydrogen ions, and the related excretion of bicarbonate,^{[citation needed]} both of which lower blood pH. Hyperventilation-induced alkalosis can be seen in several deadly central nervous system diseases such as strokes, certain cancers, or Rett syndrome.^[1]

Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by repeated vomiting,^[1] resulting in a loss of hydrochloric acid with the stomach content. Severe dehydration, and the consumption of alkali are other causes. It can also be caused by administration of diuretics^[1] and endocrine disorders such as Cushing's syndrome. Compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis involve slowed breathing by the lungs to increase serum carbon dioxide,^[1] a condition leaning toward respiratory acidosis. As respiratory acidosis often accompanies the compensation for metabolic alkalosis, and vice versa, a delicate balance is created between these two conditions.

Signs and symptoms

Metabolic alkalosis is usually accompanied with low blood potassium level, causing, e.g., muscular weakness, muscle pain, and muscle cramps (from disturbed function of the skeletal muscles), and muscle spasms (from disturbed function of smooth muscles).

It may also cause low blood calcium levels. As the blood pH increases, blood transport proteins, such as albumin, become more ionized into anions. This causes the free calcium present in blood to bind more strongly with albumin. If severe, it may cause tetany.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yee AH, Rabinstein AA (February 2010). "Neurologic presentations of acid-base imbalance, electrolyte abnormalities, and endocrine emergencies". Neurol Clin 28 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2009.09.002. PMID 19932372.

IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "alkalosis".

UpToDate Contents

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1. 代謝性アルカローシスの原因 causes of metabolic alkalosis
2. 代謝性アルカローシスの治療 treatment of metabolic alkalosis
3. 代謝性アルカローシスの臨床症状および評価 clinical manifestations and evaluation of metabolic alkalosis
4. 単純性および混合性酸塩基障害 simple and mixed acid base disorders
5. 過換気症候群 hyperventilation syndrome

English Journal

Respiratory alkalosis: the first drop of lung water?

Marano M1, D'Amato A, Marano S.
International urology and nephrology.Int Urol Nephrol.2015 Feb 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 25677357

The role of pendrin in renal physiology.

Wall SM1, Lazo-Fernandez Y.
Annual review of physiology.Annu Rev Physiol.2015 Feb 10;77:363-78. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021014-071854.
Pendrin is a Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger that localizes to type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells, which are expressed within the aldosterone-sensitive region of the nephron, i.e., the distal convoluted tubule, the connecting tubule, and the cortical collecting duct. Type B cells m
PMID 25668022

Dietary sodium citrate supplementation does not improve upper-body anaerobic performance in trained wrestlers in simulated competition-day conditions.

Aedma M1, Timpmann S, Ööpik V.
European journal of applied physiology.Eur J Appl Physiol.2015 Feb;115(2):387-96. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-3025-4. Epub 2014 Oct 20.
PURPOSE: Similarly to a wrestling match, upper-body intermittent sprint performance (UBISP) test elicits severe acidosis. This study aimed to determine whether sodium citrate (CIT) ingestion would help to better maintain peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) output across four consecutive UBISP tests
PMID 25327884

Japanese Journal

炭酸脱水酵素阻害薬 (特集利尿薬およびそれに関連する話題)

小武海公明
循環器内科 75(3), 274-276, 2014-03
NAID 40020021022

Bartter syndrome type 3 in an elderly complicated with adrenocorticotropin-deficiency

Tamagawa Eri,Inaba Hidefumi,Ota Takayuki,Ariyasu Hiroyuki,Kawashima Hiromichi,Wakasaki Hisao,Furuta Hiroto,Nishi Masahiro,Nakao Taisei,Kaito Hiroshi,Iijima Kazumoto,Nakanishi Koichi,Yoshikawa Norishige,Akamizu Takashi
Endocrine Journal 61(9), 855-860, 2014
… Bartter syndrome (BS) is a disorder with normotensive hypokalemic alkalosis and hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronemia. …
NAID 130004690927

清涼飲料水の長期過剰摂取により低カリウム血症性ミオパチーを起こしたと考えられた2型糖尿病の1例

浅見美穂,橋場裕一,大谷敏嘉
糖尿病 57(3), 197-203, 2014
39歳，女性．過去10年間1日3 lから4.5 lのコーラを多飲し，口渇，嘔吐，四肢脱力を主訴に緊急入院した．血糖値638 mg/dl, HbA1c 14.3 %，尿ケトン体陽性であり糖尿病ケトーシスと診断した．動脈血ガスpHは7.42と正常域だった．アニオンギャップ16であり，代謝性アシドーシスを認め，同時にHCO3－　30 mmol/lと代謝性アルカローシスが混在していた．また著明な低カリウム …
NAID 130004511388

「アルカローシス」

Alkalosis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E87.3
ICD-9	276.3
DiseasesDB	32458
MedlinePlus	001183
MeSH	D000471

　　[★]

英: alkalosis
同: increased pH
関: アシドーシス

酸塩基平衡異常とその代償 SP.660

	HCO3-	pCO2
呼吸性アシドーシス	↑	↑
呼吸性アルカローシス	↓	↓
代謝性アシドーシス	↓	↑
代謝性アルカローシス	↑	↓

「watery diarrhea with hypokalemic alkalosis」

　　[★] 水様下痢低カリウム血症無胃酸症候群

VIP産生腫瘍による症候群

関: pancreatic cholera、Verner-Morrison syndrome、VIPoma、VIPoma syndrome、watery diarrhea syndrome、watery diarrhea、hypokalemia and achlorhydria、WDHA

「acute respiratory alkalosis」

　　[★] 急性呼吸性アルカローシス

「respiratory alkalosis」

　　[★] 呼吸性アルカローシス

[Yee2010-1] Yee AH, Rabinstein AA (February 2010). "Neurologic presentations of acid-base imbalance, electrolyte abnormalities, and endocrine emergencies". Neurol Clin 28 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2009.09.002. PMID 19932372.

リンク元	「アルカローシス」
拡張検索	「watery diarrhea with hypokalemic alkalosis」「acute respiratory alkalosis」「respiratory alkalosis」

匿名

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案内

案内

alkalosis