WordNet

not native and not fully established; locally or temporarily naturalized; "an adventive weed"
without or seeming to be without plan or method; offhand; "a casual remark"; "information collected by casual methods and in their spare time"
occurring or appearing or singled out by chance; "seek help from casual passers-by"; "a casual meeting"; "a chance occurrence" (同)chance
hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough; "a casual (or cursory) inspection failed to reveal the houses structural flaws"; "a passing glance"; "perfunctory courtesy" (同)cursory, passing, perfunctory
not showing effort or strain; "a difficult feat performed with casual mastery"; "careless grace" (同)effortless
appropriate for ordinary or routine occasions; "casual clothes"; "everyday clothes" (同)everyday, daily
marked by blithe unconcern; "an ability to interest casual students"; "showed a casual disregard for cold weather"; "an utterly insouciant financial policy"; "an elegantly insouciant manner"; "drove his car with nonchalant abandon"; "was polite in a teasing nonchalant manner" (同)insouciant, nonchalant
occurring from time to time; "casual employment"; "a casual correspondence with a former teacher"; "an occasional worker" (同)occasional

PrepTutorEJDIC

『むぞうさな』,さりげない(offhand) / 『偶然の』,思いがけない / ふだん着の,くだけた / むとんじゃくな,無関心な / 臨時雇労働者 / ふだん着

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/24 08:53:18」(JST)

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An adventive species is a species that has arrived in a new locality. It may have had help from humans as an introduced species or it may not.

The term is now used by some writers in a more restricted sense than its initial usage. The earliest and most widespread concept among biologists is that of a species that has arrived in a specific geographic area from a different region (without further caveats). This is the forerunner of the term 'non-indigenous species', although it lacks the frequently invoked basis of the word 'introduced', which means different things to different writers.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] In this sense, the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), which arrived in North America by natural range expansion, the black rat (Rattus rattus), which is believed to have arrived as a hitchhiker aboard ships, and the kudzu vine (Pueraria lobata), which was introduced deliberately by humans, are all adventive species and have established populations. Common adventive species include herbivorous insects.^[5]

The later and more limited concept is that of a species that has arrived in a specific geographic area from a different region, but its population is not self-sustaining. Population numbers are only increased through re-introduction. After some time, an adventive species may become naturalized; or, some populations do not sustain themselves reproductively, but exist because of continued influx from elsewhere. Such a non-sustaining population, or the individuals within it, are said to be adventive.^[6] Cultivated plants are a major source of adventive populations. It is estimated that 10-20% of adventive species used in biological control programs eventually become naturalized.^[7]

We can readily see how this second (later) concept applies to cultivated plants. Those that grow within the confines of culture are ‘adventive’; those that grow outside those confines are ‘naturalized’. But the concept falls apart when applied to the far more numerous species of invertebrate animals and microorganisms: extremely few of these are cultured, and by the time they are detected in nature they tend to be established (‘naturalized’).

References

^ Morse A.P. 1916. "A New England orthopteran adventive". Psyche 23: 178-179.
^ Townes H.K. 1947. "A Eumenes wasp and six adventive Ichneumonidae new to Hawaii (Hymenoptera)". Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 13: 105-105
^ Pemberton C.E. 1964. "Highlights in the history of entomology in Hawaii 1778-1963". Pacific Insects 6: 689-729
^ Frank J.H., McCoy E.D. 1995. "Introduction to insect behavioral ecology: The good, the bad, and the beautiful: Non-indigenous species in Florida. Invasive adventive insects and other organisms in Florida". Florida Entomologist 78: 1-15
^ Martin N.A., Paynter Q. 2013. Predicting risk from adventive herbivores to New Zealand indigenous plants. New Zealand Entomologist: 1-8. DOI:10.1080/00779962.2012.759308
^ Warren L. Wagner, Derral R. Herbst, and Sy H. Sohmer. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii, Revised Edition, 1999. Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu
^ Stiling, P. 1993. Why do natural enemies fail in classical Biological Control Programs? American Entomologist. 39:31-39.

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English Journal

The expanding large-spored Metschnikowia clade: Metschnikowia matae sp. nov., a yeast species with two varieties from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

de Oliveira Santos AR1, Perri AM, Andrietta Mda G, Rosa CA, Lachance MA.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.2015 Sep;108(3):753-63. doi: 10.1007/s10482-015-0531-2. Epub 2015 Jul 28.
Fifty-two yeast isolates from flowers and associated nitidulid beetles of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) region were found to represent a new species in the large-spored Metschnikowia clade. The species is heterothallic, haploid, and allogamous, and produces asci with two aciculate
PMID 26215753

Potential for Interspecific Competition Between Congeneric Longhorned Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in an Adventive Environment.

Eatough Jones M1, Hanlon CC1, Paine TD2.
Environmental entomology.Environ Entomol.2015 Aug;44(4):960-5. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvv070. Epub 2015 May 8.
The cerambycid beetle, Phoracantha semipunctata F., was introduced into California in the mid-1980s and killed large numbers of Eucalyptus host trees. The populations of the borer declined to very low levels in the mid-1990s following the establishment of the congener, Phoracantha recurva Newman, an
PMID 26314041

Molecular markers for analyses of intraspecific genetic diversity in the Asian Tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus.

Manni M1, Gomulski LM2, Aketarawong N3,4, Tait G5, Scolari F6, Somboon P7, Guglielmino CR8, Malacrida AR9, Gasperi G10.
Parasites & vectors.Parasit Vectors.2015 Mar 28;8:188. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0794-5.
BACKGROUND: The dramatic worldwide expansion of Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito) and its vector competence for numerous arboviruses represent a growing threat to public health security. Molecular markers are crucially needed for tracking the rapid spread of this mosquito and to obtain a d
PMID 25890257

Japanese Journal

日本への侵入が初めて確認された貯穀害虫の天敵クロセスジハナカメムシ<i>Dufouriellus ater</i> （Dufour）

日本応用動物昆虫学会誌 57(3), 185-189, 2013
NAID 130003382553

自然公園における外来生物の問題--島嶼の外来爬虫類・両生類の防除を中心に (特集自然公園法50周年・自然公園と野生生物)

国立公園 (656), 13-15, 2007-09
NAID 40015619652

外来生物の繁殖が公園レクリエーション地の価値に及ぼす影響の経済評価

観光研究 18(1・2), 18-24, 2007-03-31
NAID 110009966481

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