関: Adenoviridae infection

WordNet

(medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
(phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
(international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
any of a group of viruses including those that in humans cause upper respiratory infections or infectious pinkeye

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〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/16 15:51:15」(JST)

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Adenovirus infections most commonly cause illness of the respiratory system; however, depending on the infecting serotype, they may also cause various other illnesses and presentations.

Resultant illnesses and presentations[edit]

Apart from respiratory involvement, illnesses and presentations of adenovirus include gastroenteritis,^[1] conjunctivitis, cystitis, and rash illness. Symptoms of respiratory illness caused by adenovirus infection range from the common cold syndrome to pneumonia, croup, and bronchitis. Patients with compromised immune systems are especially susceptible to severe complications of adenovirus infection. Acute respiratory disease (ARD), first recognized among military recruits during World War II, can be caused by adenovirus infections during conditions of crowding and stress.

Pharyngoconjunctival fever[edit]

Pharyngoconjunctival fever is a specific presentation of adenovirus infection, manifested as:

high fever that lasts 4-5 days
pharyngitis (sore throat)
conjunctivitis (inflamed eyes, usually without pus formation like pink eye)
enlargement of the lymph nodes of the neck
headache, malaise, and weakness
Incubation period of 5-9 days

It usually occurs in the age group 5-18. It is often found in summer camps and during the spring and fall in schools. In Japan, the illness is commonly referred to as "pool fever" as it is often spread via public swimming pools.

Serotype-specific features[edit]

Although epidemiologic characteristics of the adenoviruses vary by type, all are transmitted by direct contact, fecal-oral transmission, and occasionally waterborne transmission. Some types are capable of establishing persistent asymptomatic infections in tonsils, adenoids, and intestines of infected hosts, and shedding can occur for months or years. Some adenoviruses (e.g., serotypes 1, 2, 5, and 6) have been shown to be endemic in parts of the world where they have been studied, and infection is usually acquired during childhood. Other types cause sporadic infection and occasional outbreaks; for example, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is associated with adenovirus serotypes 8, 19, and 37. Epidemics of febrile disease with conjunctivitis are associated with waterborne transmission of some adenovirus types, often centering around inadequately chlorinated swimming pools and small lakes. ARD is most often associated with adenovirus types 4 and 7 in the United States. Enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 cause gastroenteritis, usually in children. For some adenovirus serotypes, the clinical spectrum of disease associated with infection varies depending on the site of infection; for example, infection with adenovirus 7 acquired by inhalation is associated with severe lower respiratory tract disease, whereas oral transmission of the virus typically causes no or mild disease. Outbreaks of adenovirus-associated respiratory disease have been more common in the late winter, spring, and early summer; however, adenovirus infections can occur throughout the year.^[2]

"Ad14 (for adenovirus serotype 14), has caused at least 140 illnesses in New York, Oregon, Texas and Washington, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The illness made headlines in Texas in September, when a so-called "boot camp flu" sickened hundreds at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio. A 19-year-old trainee died."^[3]

Several adenoviruses, especially adenovirus serotype 36 (Adv36), have been shown to cause obesity in animals, and are associated with human obesity.^[4]^[5]

Diagnosis[edit]

Antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction assay, virus isolation, and serology can be used to identify adenovirus infections. Adenovirus typing is usually accomplished by hemagglutination-inhibition and/or neutralization with type-specific antisera. Since adenovirus can be excreted for prolonged periods, the presence of virus does not necessarily mean it is associated with disease.

Treatment[edit]

Most infections are mild and require no therapy or only symptomatic treatment. Because there is no virus-specific therapy, serious adenovirus illness can be managed only by treating symptoms and complications of the infection. Deaths are exceedingly rare but have been reported.^[6]

Prevention[edit]

Safe and effective adenovirus vaccines were developed for adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7, but were available only for preventing ARD among US military recruits,^[7] and production stopped in 1996.^[8] Strict attention to good infection-control practices is effective for stopping nosocomial outbreaks of adenovirus-associated disease, such as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Maintaining adequate levels of chlorination is necessary for preventing swimming pool-associated outbreaks of adenovirus conjunctivitis.

Prognosis[edit]

Adenovirus can cause severe necrotizing pneumonia in which all or part of a lung has increased translucency radiographically, which is called Swyer-James Syndrome.^[9] Severe adenovirus pneumonia also may result in bronchiolitis obliterans, a subacute inflammatory process in which the small airways are replaced by scar tissue, resulting in a reduction in lung volume and lung compliance.^[9]

References[edit]

^ Wadell G. et al. (1987). Whelan, Julie; Bock, Gregory, ed. Novel diarrhoea viruses. New York: Wiley. p. 63. ISBN 0-471-91094-5.
^ This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document "http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/respiratory/eadfeat.htm".
^ nytimes article New Form of Virus Has Caused 10 Deaths in 18 Months published November 16, 2007
^ Obesity Research
^ jn.nutrition.org
^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001). "Two fatal cases of adenovirus-related illness in previously healthy young adults—Illinois, 2000". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50 (26): 553–5. PMID 11456329.
^ Gray GC. (2006). "Adenovirus transmission—worthy of our attention". J Infect Dis 194 (7): 871–3. doi:10.1086/507435. PMC 1673215. PMID 16960772.
^ Gray GC, Goswami PR, Malasig MD, et al. (2000). "Adult adenovirus infections: loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics". Clin Infect Dis 31 (3): 663–70. doi:10.1086/313999. PMID 11017812.
^ ^a ^b Kliegman, Robert; Richard M Kliegman (2006). Nelson essentials of pediatrics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 0-8089-2325-0.

External links[edit]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention--National Center for Infectious Diseases--Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch

UpToDate Contents

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1. アデノウイルス感染の疫学および臨床症状 epidemiology and clinical manifestations of adenovirus infection
2. アデノウイルス感染の診断、治療、および予防 diagnosis treatment and prevention of adenovirus infection
3. アデノウイルスの病因およびベクター使用 adenovirus pathogenesis and vector applications
4. 成人におけるウイルス性胃腸炎の疫学および病因 epidemiology and pathogenesis of viral gastroenteritis in adults
5. 小児および思春期における急性感染性咽頭炎の診断へのアプローチ approach to diagnosis of acute infectious pharyngitis in children and adolescents

English Journal

Virology and epidemiology analyses of global adenovirus-associated conjunctivitis outbreaks, 1953-2013.

Zhang L1, Zhao N2, Sha J3, Wang C2, Jin X1, Amer S4, Liu S5.
Epidemiology and infection.Epidemiol Infect.2016 Jun;144(8):1661-72. doi: 10.1017/S0950268815003246. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
This study aimed to compare the virology and epidemiology of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) and acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreaks worldwide caused by the human adenovirus (HAdV) from 1953 to 2013. Eighty-three hexon sequences from 76 conjunctivi
PMID 26732024

Healthcare workers mobile phone usage: A potential risk for viral contamination. Surveillance pilot study.

Cavari Y1, Kaplan O2, Zander A1, Hazan G2, Shemer-Avni Y3, Borer A4.
Infectious diseases (London, England).Infect Dis (Lond).2016 Jun;48(6):432-5. doi: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1133926. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
Background Mobile phones are commonly used by healthcare workers (HCW) in the working environment, as they allow instant communication and endless resource utilisation. Studies suggest that mobile phones have been implicated as reservoirs of bacterial pathogens, with the potential to cause nosocomia
PMID 27030915

Adenovirus encoding XAF-1 and TNF‑α in the same open reading frame efficiently inhibits hepatocellular cancer cells.

Li K1, Li X2, Wu Z1, Zheng L3, Cui Y4, Wang J5, Huang Y4, Yan Z4.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2016 Jun;13(6):5169-76. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5193. Epub 2016 Apr 26.
X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)‑associated factor 1 (XAF‑1), a tumor suppressor, is downregulated in most human malignant tumors. However, the tumor suppressive role of XAF‑1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its therapeutic value require further elucidation. The present study ex
PMID 27121136

Japanese Journal

Coxsackievirus B3 infection reduces female mouse fertility

Experimental animals 64(4), 343-352, 2015-10
NAID 40020626300

採卵用成鶏(褐色卵用)に発生した鶏アデノウイルスによる筋胃びらん

鶏病研究会報 = Journal of the Japanese Society on Poultry Diseases 51(1), 11-21, 2015
NAID 40020504572

Coxsackievirus B3 infection reduces female mouse fertility

Experimental Animals 64(4), 343-352, 2015
NAID 130005104836

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リンク元	「アデノウイルス感染症」「Adenoviridae infection」「アデノウイルス感染」
拡張検索	「human adenovirus infection」
関連記事	「infection」「adenovirus」