WordNet
- especially of some bacteria; growing well in an acid medium (同)acidophilous, aciduric
- of or relating to eosinophil
- an organism that thrives in a relatively acid environment (同)acidophile
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/03/08 16:09:29」(JST)
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Acidophiles or acidophilic organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 2.0 or below). These organisms can be found in different branches of the tree of life, including Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotes.
Contents
- 1 List of acidophilic organisms
- 1.1 Archaea
- 1.2 Bacteria
- 1.3 Eukaryotes
- 2 Mechanisms of adaptation to acidic environments
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 Further reading
List of acidophilic organisms
A list of these organisms includes:
Archaea
-
- Sulfolobales, an order in the Crenarchaeota branch[1] of Archaea
- Thermoplasmatales, an order in the Euryarchaeota branch[1] of Archaea
- ARMAN, in the Euryarchaeota branch[1] of Archaea
- Acidianus brierleyi, A. infernus, facultatively anaerobic thermoacidophilic archaebacteria
- Halarchaeum acidiphilum, acidophilic member of the Halobacteriacaeae[2]
- Metallosphaera sedula, thermoacidophilic
Bacteria
-
- Acidobacterium,[3] a phylum of Bacteria
- Acidithiobacillales, an order of Proteobacteria e.g. A.ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans
- Thiobacillus prosperus, T. acidophilus, T. organovorus, T. cuprinus
- Acetobacter aceti, a bacterium that produces acetic acid (vinegar) from the oxidation of ethanol.
- Alicyclobacillus, a genus of bacteria that can contaminate fruit juices.[4]
Eukaryotes
-
- Mucor racemosus[5]
- Urotricha[5]
- Dunaliella acidophila[5]
- Philodina roseola[5]
Mechanisms of adaptation to acidic environments
Most acidophile organisms have evolved extremely efficient mechanisms to pump protons out of the intracellular space in order to keep the cytoplasm at or near neutral pH. Therefore, intracellular proteins do not need to develop acid stability through evolution. However, other acidophiles, such as Acetobacter aceti, have an acidified cytoplasm which forces nearly all proteins in the genome to evolve acid stability.[6] For this reason, Acetobacter aceti has become a valuable resource for understanding the mechanisms by which proteins can attain acid stability.
Studies of proteins adapted to low pH have revealed a few general mechanisms by which proteins can achieve acid stability. In most acid stable proteins (such as pepsin and the soxF protein from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius), there is an overabundance of acidic residues which minimizes low pH destabilization induced by a buildup of positive charge. Other mechanisms include minimization of solvent accessibility of acidic residues or binding of metal cofactors. In a specialized case of acid stability, the NAPase protein from Nocardiopsis alba was shown to have relocated acid-sensitive salt bridges away from regions that play an important role in the unfolding process. In this case of kinetic acid stability, protein longevity is accomplished across a wide range of pH, both acidic and basic.
See also
- Acidophiles in acid mine drainage
- Neutrophile
References
- ^ a b c http://141.150.157.117:8080/prokPUB/index.htm
- ^ Singh OV (2012). Extremophiles: Sustainable Resources and Biotechnological Implications. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 76–79. ISBN 978-1-118-10300-5.
- ^ Quaiser et al., Mol. Micro. 50, p.563.[full citation needed]
- ^ Pettipher GL; Osmundson ME; Murphy JM (March 1997). "Methods for the detection and enumeration of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and investigation of growth and production of taint in fruit juice and fruit juice-containing drinks". Letters in Applied Microbiology 24 (3): 185–189. doi:10.1046/j.1472-765X.1997.00373.x. PMID 9080697.
- ^ a b c d Rawlings, Douglas; Johnson, D. Barrie. "Eukaryotic Acidophiles". Encyclopedia of Life Support System (EOLSS). Eolss Publishers. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ Menzel, U.; Gottschalk, G. (1985). "The internal pH of Acetobacterium wieringae and Acetobacter aceti during growth and production of acetic acid". Arch Microbiol 143 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1007/BF00414767.
Further reading
- Cooper, J. B.; Khan, G.; Taylor, G.; Tickle, I. J.; Blundell, T. L. (July 1990). "X-ray analyses of aspartic proteinases. II. Three-dimensional structure of the hexagonal crystal form of porcine pepsin at 2.3 A resolution". J Mol Biol 214 (1): 199–222. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(90)90156-G. PMID 2115088.
- Bonisch, H.; Schmidt, C. L.; Schafer, G.; Ladenstein, R. (June 2002). "The structure of the soluble domain of an archaeal Rieske iron-sulfur protein at 1.1 A resolution". J Mol Biol 319 (3): 791–805. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00323-6. PMID 12054871.
- Schafer, K; Magnusson, U; Scheffel, F; Schiefner, A; Sandgren, MO; Diederichs, K; Welte, W; Hülsmann, A; Schneider, E; Mowbray, SL (January 2004). "X-ray structures of the maltose-maltodextrin-binding protein of the thermoacidophilic bacterium Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius provide insight into acid stability of proteins". Journal of Molecular Biology 335 (1): 261–74. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2003.10.042. PMID 14659755.
- Walter, R. L.; Ealick, S. E.; Friedman, A. M.; Blake, R. C. 2nd; Proctor, P.; Shoham, M. (November 1996). "Multiple wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) crystal structure of rusticyanin: a highly oxidizing cupredoxin with extreme acid stability". J Mol Biol 263 (5): 730–51. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0612. PMID 8947572.
- Botuyan, M. V.; Toy-Palmer, A.; Chung, J.; Blake, R. C. 2nd; Beroza, P.; Case, D. A.; Dyson, H. J. (1996). "NMR solution structure of Cu(I) rusticyanin from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: structural basis for the extreme acid stability and redox potential". J Mol Biol 263 (5): 752–67. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0613. PMID 8947573.
- Kelch, B. A.; Eagen, K. P.; Erciyas, F. P.; Humphris, E. L.; Thomason, A. R.; Mitsuiki, S.; Agard, D. A. (May 2007). "Structural and mechanistic exploration of acid resistance: kinetic stability facilitates evolution of extremophilic behavior". J Mol Biol 368 (3): 870–883. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.02.032. PMID 17382344.
Extremophiles
|
|
Types |
- Acidophile
- Alkaliphile
- Capnophile
- Cryozoa
- Endolith
- Halophile
- Hypolith
- Lipophile
- Lithoautotroph
- Lithophile
- Methanogen
- Metallotolerant
- Oligotroph
- Osmophile
- Piezophile
- Polyextremophile
- Psammophile
- Psychrophile
- Radioresistant
- Thermophile / Hyperthermophile
- Thermoacidophile
- Xerophile
|
|
Notable
extremophiles |
Bacteria
|
- Chloroflexus aurantiacus
- Deinococcus radiodurans
- Deinococcus–Thermus
- Snottite
- Thermus aquaticus
- Thermus thermophilus
- Spirochaeta americana
- GFAJ-1
|
|
Archaea
|
- Pyrococcus furiosus
- Strain 121
- Pyrolobus fumarii
|
|
Animalia
|
- Paralvinella sulfincola
- Halicephalobus mephisto
- Pompeii worm
- Tardigrada
|
|
|
Related articles |
- Abiogenic petroleum origin
- Acidithiobacillales
- Acidobacteria
- Acidophiles in acid mine drainage
- Archaeoglobaceae
- Berkeley Pit
- Blood Falls
- Crenarchaeota
- Grylloblattidae
- Halobacteria
- Halobacterium
- Helaeomyia petrolei
- Hydrothermal vent
- Methanopyrus
- Movile Cave
- Radiotrophic fungus
- Rio Tinto
- Taq polymerase
- Thermostability
- Thermotogae
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Culture dependent and independent genomic identification of Alicyclobacillus species in contaminated commercial fruit juices.
- Osopale BA1, Witthuhn CR2, Albertyn J2, Oguntoyinbo FA3.
- Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2016 Jun;56:21-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.11.014. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
- Alicyclobacillus is a genus of thermo-acidophilic, endospore-forming, bacteria species which occasionally cause spoilage of heat-processed fruit juices by producing guaiacol taint. In this study, Alicyclobacillus contamination of commercial fruit juices in West Africa was investigated using culture-
- PMID 26919814
- Analyses of methyltransferases across the pathogenicity spectrum of different mycobacterial species point to an extremophile connection.
- Grover S1, Gupta P, Kahlon PS, Goyal S, Grover A, Dalal K, Sabeeha, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE.
- Molecular bioSystems.Mol Biosyst.2016 May 26;12(5):1615-25. doi: 10.1039/c5mb00810g. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
- Tuberculosis is a devastating disease, taking one human life every 20 seconds globally. We hypothesize that professional pathogens such as M.tb have acquired specific features that might assist in causing infection, persistence and transmissible pathology in their host. We have identified 121 methyl
- PMID 26983646
- Formaldehyde as a carbon and electron shuttle between autotroph and heterotroph populations in acidic hydrothermal vents of Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park.
- Moran JJ1, Whitmore LM2,3, Isern NG4, Romine MF5, Riha KM2, Inskeep WP6, Kreuzer HW2.
- Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions.Extremophiles.2016 May;20(3):291-9. doi: 10.1007/s00792-016-0821-2. Epub 2016 Mar 19.
- The Norris Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park contains a large number of hydrothermal systems, which host microbial populations supported by primary productivity associated with a suite of chemolithotrophic metabolisms. We demonstrate that Metallosphaera yellowstonensis MK1, a facultative aut
- PMID 26995682
Japanese Journal
- Acidic β-mannanase from Penicillium pinophilum C1: Cloning, characterization and assessment of its potential for animal feed application(ENZYMOLOGY, PROTEIN ENGINEERING, AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY)
- Cai Hongying,Shi Pengjun,Luo Huiying,Bai Yingguo,Huang Huoqing,Yang Peilong,Yao Bin
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 112(6), 551-557, 2011-12
- The β-mannanase gene, man5C1, was cloned from Penicillium pinophilum C1, a strain isolated from the acidic wastewater of a tin mine in Yunnan, China, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The sequence ana …
- NAID 110008897327
- Phylogenetic diversity of acidophilic actinomycetes from Malaysia
- MURAMATSU Hideyuki,MURAKAMI Ryuji,IBRAHIM Zool Hilmi,MURAKAMI Kana,SHAHAB Neelam,NAGAI Koji
- Journal of antibiotics 64(9), 621-624, 2011-09-25
- NAID 10030640142
Related Links
- ac·i·do·phil·ic adjective \ ˌ a-sə-dō-ˈ fi-lik\ Definition of ACIDOPHILIC 1: staining readily with acid stains : acidophil 2: preferring or thriving in a relatively acid environment First Known Use of ACIDOPHILIC 1895 acid·o·phil·ic adjective \-ˈ ...
- acidophilic /ac·i·do·phil·ic/ (as″ĭ-do-fil´ik) 1. easily stained with acid dyes. 2. growing best on acid media. acidophilic acidophilic adjective (1) Histology Referring to that which is stainable by an acidophilic dye—e.g., eosin, which ...
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★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- acidophilic (HIS)
- 関
- 染色法
- 正電荷を帯びており、酸性色素(負電荷)にそまる染色性。例えば、エオシン(赤色)に染まる
[★]
- 好酸球性の、好酸球の、好酸性の、好酸の、エオシン好性の、エオジン好性の
- 関
- acidophil、acidophile、acidophilic、eosinophil
[★]
好酸球性肺炎
- 関
- eosinophilic pneumonia