好酸球

関: acidophil、eosinophil、eosinophilic

WordNet

a leukocyte readily stained with eosin (同)eosinophile
of or relating to eosinophil
archaebacteria that thrive in strongly acidic environments at high temperatures
an organism that thrives in a relatively acid environment (同)acidophile

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/03 16:08:04」(JST)

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Acidophiles or acidophilic organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 2.0 or below). These organisms can be found in different branches of the tree of life, including Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotes.

List of acidophilic organisms

A list of these organisms includes:

Archaea

Sulfolobales, an order in the Crenarchaeota branch^[1] of Archaea
Thermoplasmatales, an order in the Euryarchaeota branch^[1] of Archaea
ARMAN, in the Euryarchaeota branch^[1] of Archaea
Acidianus brierleyi, A. infernus, facultatively anaerobic thermoacidophilic archaebacteria
Halarchaeum acidiphilum, acidophilic member of the Halobacteriacaeae^[2]
Metallosphaera sedula, thermoacidophilic

Bacteria

Acidobacterium,^[3] a phylum of Bacteria
Acidithiobacillales, an order of Proteobacteria e.g. A.ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans
Thiobacillus prosperus, T. acidophilus, T. organovorus, T. cuprinus
Acetobacter aceti, a bacterium that produces acetic acid (vinegar) from the oxidation of ethanol.
Alicyclobacillus, a genus of bacteria that can contaminate fruit juices.^[4]

Eukaryotes

Mucor racemosus^[5]
Urotricha^[5]
Dunaliella acidophila^[5]
Philodina roseola^[5]

Mechanisms of adaptation to acidic environments

Most acidophile organisms have evolved extremely efficient mechanisms to pump protons out of the intracellular space in order to keep the cytoplasm at or near neutral pH. Therefore, intracellular proteins do not need to develop acid stability through evolution. However, other acidophiles, such as Acetobacter aceti, have an acidified cytoplasm which forces nearly all proteins in the genome to evolve acid stability.^[6] For this reason, Acetobacter aceti has become a valuable resource for understanding the mechanisms by which proteins can attain acid stability.

Studies of proteins adapted to low pH have revealed a few general mechanisms by which proteins can achieve acid stability. In most acid stable proteins (such as pepsin and the soxF protein from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius), there is an overabundance of acidic residues which minimizes low pH destabilization induced by a buildup of positive charge. Other mechanisms include minimization of solvent accessibility of acidic residues or binding of metal cofactors. In a specialized case of acid stability, the NAPase protein from Nocardiopsis alba was shown to have relocated acid-sensitive salt bridges away from regions that play an important role in the unfolding process. In this case of kinetic acid stability, protein longevity is accomplished across a wide range of pH, both acidic and basic.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c http://141.150.157.117:8080/prokPUB/index.htm
^ Singh OV (2012). Extremophiles: Sustainable Resources and Biotechnological Implications. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 76–79. ISBN 978-1-118-10300-5.
^ Quaiser et al., Mol. Micro. 50, p.563.^{[full citation needed]}
^ Pettipher GL, Osmundson ME, Murphy JM (March 1997). "Methods for the detection and enumeration of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and investigation of growth and production of taint in fruit juice and fruit juice-containing drinks". Letters in Applied Microbiology 24 (3): 185–189. doi:10.1046/j.1472-765X.1997.00373.x. PMID 9080697.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rawlings, Douglas; Johnson, D. Barrie. "Eukaryotic Acidophiles". Encyclopedia of Life Support System (EOLSS). Eolss Publishers. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
^ Menzel, U.; Gottschalk, G. (1985). "The internal pH of Acetobacterium wieringae and Acetobacter aceti during growth and production of acetic acid". Arch Microbiol 143 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1007/BF00414767.

English Journal

Lipase production from a novel thermo-tolerant and extreme acidophile Bacillus pumilus using palm oil as the substrate and treatment of palm oil-containing wastewater.

Saranya P1, Sukanya Kumari H, Prasad Rao B, Sekaran G.
Environmental science and pollution research international.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.2014 Mar;21(5):3907-19. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2354-x. Epub 2013 Nov 29.
The thermo-tolerant and extreme acidophilic microorganism Bacillus pumilus was isolated from the soil collected from a commercial edible-oil extraction industry. Optimisation of conditions for the lipase production was conducted using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for obtainin
PMID 24293300

α-fur, an antisense RNA gene to fur in the extreme acidophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Lefimil C1, Jedlicki E, Holmes DS.
Microbiology (Reading, England).Microbiology.2014 Mar;160(Pt 3):514-24. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.073171-0. Epub 2014 Jan 2.
A large non-coding RNA, termed α-Fur, of ~1000 nt has been detected in the extreme acidophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans encoded on the antisense strand to the iron-responsive master regulator fur (ferric uptake regulator) gene. A promoter for α-fur was predicted bioinformatically and validate
PMID 24385477

New copper resistance determinants in the extremophile acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: a quantitative proteomic analysis.

Almárcegui RJ1, Navarro CA, Paradela A, Albar JP, von Bernath D, Jerez CA.
Journal of proteome research.J Proteome Res.2014 Feb 7;13(2):946-60. doi: 10.1021/pr4009833. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an extremophilic bacterium used in biomining processes to recover metals. The presence in A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 of canonical copper resistance determinants does not entirely explain the extremely high copper concentrations this microorganism is able to stand, s
PMID 24380576

Japanese Journal

2Ca15 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidansの新規なチオ硫酸デヒドロゲナーゼの性質(酵素学,酵素工学,一般講演)

日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集 64, 37, 2012-09-25
NAID 110009609392

Optimization of medium components and cultural variables for enhanced production of acidic high maltose-forming and Ca^<2+> -independent α-amylase by Bacillus acidicola(ENZYMOLOGY, PROTEIN ENGINEERING, AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY)

Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 111(5), 550-553, 2011-05
NAID 110008661202

A new acidophilic fungus Teratosphaeria acidotherma (Capnodiales, Ascomycota) from a hot spring

Mycoscience 51(6), 443-455, 2010-11-25
NAID 10027671801

「eosinophilic」

　　[★]

adj.

好酸球性の、好酸球の、好酸性の、好酸の、エオシン好性の、エオジン好性の

関: acidophil、acidophile、acidophilic、eosinophil

[autogenerated1-1] ttp://141.150.157.117:8080/prokPUB/index.htm

[Singh-2] Singh OV (2012). Extremophiles: Sustainable Resources and Biotechnological Implications. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 76–79. ISBN 978-1-118-10300-5.

[3] Quaiser et al., Mol. Micro. 50, p.563.^{[full citation needed]}

[4] Pettipher GL, Osmundson ME, Murphy JM (March 1997). "Methods for the detection and enumeration of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and investigation of growth and production of taint in fruit juice and fruit juice-containing drinks". Letters in Applied Microbiology 24 (3): 185–189. doi:10.1046/j.1472-765X.1997.00373.x. PMID 9080697.

[eolss-5] Rawlings, Douglas; Johnson, D. Barrie. "Eukaryotic Acidophiles". Encyclopedia of Life Support System (EOLSS). Eolss Publishers. Retrieved 3 February 2014.

[6] Menzel, U.; Gottschalk, G. (1985). "The internal pH of Acetobacterium wieringae and Acetobacter aceti during growth and production of acetic acid". Arch Microbiol 143 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1007/BF00414767.

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案内

acidophile

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Contents

List of acidophilic organisms

Mechanisms of adaptation to acidic environments

See also

References

Further reading

English Journal

Japanese Journal

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