WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
testis の複数形

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1. 換気調節障害 disorders of ventilatory control
2. 急性高山病および高地脳浮腫 acute mountain sickness and high altitude cerebral edema
3. 利尿剤の作用機序 mechanism of action of diuretics
4. 代謝性アルカローシスの治療 treatment of metabolic alkalosis
5. 高山病：小児特有の懸念事項 high altitude disease unique pediatric considerations

English Journal

Acetazolamide and inhaled carbon dioxide reduce periodic breathing during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.

Apostolo A1, Agostoni P2, Contini M1, Antonioli L1, Swenson ER3.Author information 1Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.2Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: piergiuseppe.agostoni@unimi.it.3Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.AbstractBACKGROUND: Periodic breathing (PB) during sleep and exercise in heart failure (HF) is related to respiratory acid-base status, CO2 chemosensitivity, and temporal dynamics of CO2 and O2 sensing. We studied inhaled CO2 and acetazolamide to alter these factors and reduce PB.
Journal of cardiac failure.J Card Fail.2014 Apr;20(4):278-88. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.01.007. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
BACKGROUND: Periodic breathing (PB) during sleep and exercise in heart failure (HF) is related to respiratory acid-base status, CO2 chemosensitivity, and temporal dynamics of CO2 and O2 sensing. We studied inhaled CO2 and acetazolamide to alter these factors and reduce PB.METHODS AND RESULTS: We mea
PMID 24418726

Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase Augments GABAA Receptor-Mediated Analgesia via a Spinal Mechanism of Action.

Asiedu MN1, Mejia GL1, Hübner CA2, Kaila K3, Price TJ4.Author information 1Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.2Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.3Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.4Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, The University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona. Electronic address: tjprice@email.arizona.edu.AbstractPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) negatively influences spinal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic networks via a reduction in the neuron-specific potassium-chloride (K(+)-Cl(-)) cotransporter (KCC2). This process has been linked to the emergence of neuropathic allodynia. In vivo pharmacologic and modeling studies show that a loss of KCC2 function results in a decrease in the efficacy of GABAA-mediated spinal inhibition. One potential strategy to mitigate this effect entails inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity to reduce HCO3(-)-dependent depolarization via GABAA receptors when KCC2 function is compromised. We have tested this hypothesis here. Our results show that, similarly to when KCC2 is pharmacologically blocked, PNI causes a loss of analgesic effect for neurosteroid GABAA allosteric modulators at maximally effective doses in naïve mice in the tail-flick test. Remarkably, inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity with intrathecal acetazolamide rapidly restores an analgesic effect for these compounds, suggesting an important role of carbonic anhydrase activity in regulating GABAA-mediated analgesia after PNI. Moreover, spinal acetazolamide administration leads to a profound reduction in the mouse formalin pain test, indicating that spinal carbonic anhydrase inhibition produces analgesia when primary afferent activity is driven by chemical mediators. Finally, we demonstrate that systemic administration of acetazolamide to rats with PNI produces an antiallodynic effect by itself and an enhancement of the peak analgesic effect with a change in the shape of the dose-response curve of the α1-sparing benzodiazepine L-838,417. Thus, carbonic anhydrase inhibition mitigates the negative effects of loss of KCC2 function after nerve injury in multiple species and through multiple administration routes resulting in an enhancement of analgesic effects for several GABAA allosteric modulators. We suggest that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, many of which are clinically available, might be advantageously employed for the treatment of pathologic pain states.
The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society.J Pain.2014 Apr;15(4):395-406. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.01.001. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) negatively influences spinal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic networks via a reduction in the neuron-specific potassium-chloride (K(+)-Cl(-)) cotransporter (KCC2). This process has been linked to the emergence of neuropathic allodynia. In vivo pharmacologic and mode
PMID 24412803

High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) in a Himalayan trekker: a case report.

Shrestha P, Pun M, Basnyat B1.Author information 1Nepal International Clinic, Travel and Mountain Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal. buddhabasnyat@gmail.com.AbstractINTRODUCTION: High altitude pulmonary edema is a non-cardiogenic form of pulmonary edema that develops in unacclimatized individuals at altitudes over 2500 m. Early recognition of symptoms and immediate descent are important for successful treatment. Despite early signs and symptoms of high altitude illness, many trekkers tend to push themselves to the maximum limit. Some of them, such as the case reported here, choose to ascend on horse-back which is extremely dangerous and can be fatal.
Extreme physiology & medicine.Extrem Physiol Med.2014 Mar 17;3(1):6. doi: 10.1186/2046-7648-3-6.
INTRODUCTION: High altitude pulmonary edema is a non-cardiogenic form of pulmonary edema that develops in unacclimatized individuals at altitudes over 2500 m. Early recognition of symptoms and immediate descent are important for successful treatment. Despite early signs and symptoms of high altitud
PMID 24636661

Japanese Journal

The Antioxidative Effect of a Novel Free Radical Scavenger 4′-Hydroxyl-2-substituted Phenylnitronyl Nitroxide in Acute High-Altitude Hypoxia Mice

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Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36(6), 917-924, 2013
… Mice in nitronyl nitroxide groups survived longer than acetazolamide group in normobaric hypoxia test. …
NAID 130003361455

Adverse Effects of Intravenous Acetazolamide Administration for Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Reactivity Using Brain Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Patients With Major Cerebral Artery Steno-occlusive Diseases

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Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 51(7), 479-483, 2011-07-15
… Adverse effects of intravenous acetazolamide administration for evaluation of cerebrovascular reactivity using brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were prospectively investigated in 100 patients with major cerebral artery, atherosclerotic, and steno-occlusive diseases. …
NAID 10029138411

Therapy for hyperthermia-induced seizures in Scn1a mutant rats

Hayashi Keiichiro,Ueshima Satoshi,Ouchida Mamoru,Mashimo Tomoji,Nishiki Teiichi,Sendo Toshiaki,Serikawa Tadao,Matsui Hideki,Ohmori Iori
Epilepsia 52(5), 1010-1017, 2011-05
… Methods: AEDs used in this study included valproate, carbamazepine (CBZ), phenobarbital, gabapentin, acetazolamide, diazepam (DZP), topiramate, and potassium bromide (KBr). … Furthermore, the effects of each AED on motor coordination and balance were assessed using the balance-beam test. …
NAID 120005468280