WordNet

a practical method or art applied to some particular task
German archaeologist and art historian said to be the father of archaeology (1717-1768) (同)Johann Winckelmann, Johann Joachim Winckelmann

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〈U〉(科学・芸術などの)『技巧』,技術 / 〈C〉(技術・技巧を示す)『手法』,表現方法;腕前

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1. 腹壁欠損およびヘルニア合併患者に対するcomponent separation法の原則 principles of component separation technique for complex abdominal wall defects and hernias
2. 緊急輪状甲状間膜切開（輪状甲状軟骨切開術） emergent surgical cricothyrotomy cricothyroidotomy
3. 指輪の除去手技 ring removal techniques
4. 帝王切開における胎児の娩出 fetal extraction at cesarean delivery
5. 腹腔鏡下手術に用いる腹部アクセス法 abdominal access techniques used in laparoscopic surgery

English Journal

[The lithotomist Johannes Palm from Ulm and his family: at the peak of the art of lithotomy].

Kraus P1, Winckelmann HJ.Author information 1Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Universität Ulm, Deutschland.AbstractIn addition to the local barber surgeons, operations in Ulm were also carried out by travelling lithotomists, or wound physicians, who moved from town to town. The Ulm public medical officer Johannes Scultetus (1595-1645) was of nationwide medical historical importance and whose work"Wundartzneyisches Zeughauß" which was published posthumously was a milestone in surgical literature and included the technique for lithotomy. In the nineteenth century Ulm was the endemic region for urolithiasis and some physicians from the Ulm region were considered to be the most experienced lithotomists. At the end of the Ulm lithotomy period there were various physicians from the Palm family and amongst these Johannes Palm was particularly outstanding. The normal methods of lithotomy used in the nineteenth century varied mainly in the access route to the bladder. The only remaining evidence of the old lithotomists is the classical lithotomy position in the operating room.
Der Urologe. Ausg. A.Urologe A.2013 Jan;52(1):79-86. doi: 10.1007/s00120-012-2996-1.
In addition to the local barber surgeons, operations in Ulm were also carried out by travelling lithotomists, or wound physicians, who moved from town to town. The Ulm public medical officer Johannes Scultetus (1595-1645) was of nationwide medical historical importance and whose work"Wundartzneyisch
PMID 23052981

Electrostimulation with or without ultrasound-guidance in interscalene brachial plexus block for shoulder surgery.

Salem MH1, Winckelmann J, Geiger P, Mehrkens HH, Salem KH.Author information 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Medicine and Pain Therapy, Ulm University and Rehabilitation Hospital (RKU), Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany.AbstractIn a prospective controlled trial to compare conventional interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB) using anatomic landmarks and electro-stimulation with a combined technique of ultrasound guidance followed by nerve stimulation, 60 patients were randomized into 2 matched equal groups: Group A using nerve stimulation (NS) alone and Group B using the combination of ultrasound and NS. The time to detect the plexus (3.9 ± 4 min in Group A and 3.3 ± 1.4 min in Group B) was not significantly different. We needed to reposition the needle once (n = 13) or twice (n = 4) in Group B. First-shot motor response was achieved in all but one patient in Group A; here we were only able to locate the plexus by use of ultrasound. None of the patients needed general anaesthesia. There were no significant differences between postoperative pain, motor power, or patient's satisfaction. ISBPB seems similarly effective using electro-stimulation and ultrasound if performed by experienced anesthesiologists.
Journal of anesthesia.J Anesth.2012 Aug;26(4):610-3. doi: 10.1007/s00540-012-1366-x. Epub 2012 Mar 4.
In a prospective controlled trial to compare conventional interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB) using anatomic landmarks and electro-stimulation with a combined technique of ultrasound guidance followed by nerve stimulation, 60 patients were randomized into 2 matched equal groups: Group A using
PMID 22391670

Gene transfer into Solanum tuberosum via Rhizobium spp.

Wendt T1, Doohan F, Winckelmann D, Mullins E.Author information 1Teagasc Crops Research Centre, Plant Biotechnology Unit, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland.AbstractAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) is the preferred technique for gene transfer into crops. A major disadvantage of the technology remains the complexity of the patent landscape that surrounds ATMT which restricts its use for commercial applications. An alternative system has been described (Broothaerts et al. in Nature 433:629-633, 2005) detailing the propensity of three rhizobia to transform the model crop Arabidopsis thaliana, the non-food crop Nicotiana tabacum and, at a very low frequency, the monocotyledonous crop Oryza sativa. In this report we describe for the first time the genetic transformation of Solanum tuberosum using the non-Agrobacterium species Sinorhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium sp. NGR234 and Mesorhizobium loti. This was achieved by combining an optimal bacterium and host co-cultivation period with a low antibiotic regime during the callus and shoot induction stages. Using this optimized protocol the transformation frequency (calculated as % of shoots equipped with root systems with the ability to grow in rooting media supplemented with 25 μg/ml hygromycin) of the rhizobia strains was calculated at 4.72, 5.85 and 1.86% for S. meliloti, R. sp. NGR234 and M. loti respectively, compared to 47.6% for the A. tumefaciens control. Stable transgene integration and expression was confirmed via southern hybridisation, quantitative PCR analysis and histochemical screening of both leaf and/or tuber tissue. In light of the rapid advances in potato genomics, combined with the sequencing of the potato genome, the ability of alternative bacteria species to genetically transform this major food crop will provide a novel resource to the Solanaceae community as it continues to develop potato as both a food and non-food crop.
Transgenic research.Transgenic Res.2011 Apr;20(2):377-86. doi: 10.1007/s11248-010-9423-4. Epub 2010 Jun 27.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) is the preferred technique for gene transfer into crops. A major disadvantage of the technology remains the complexity of the patent landscape that surrounds ATMT which restricts its use for commercial applications. An alternative system has b
PMID 20582626