WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
testis の複数形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/23 00:59:01」(JST)

wiki en

A Widal Test slide showing agglutinations in reactions of corresponding O and H antigens

The Widal test is a presumptive serological test for enteric fever or undulant fever whereby bacteria causing typhoid fever are mixed with serum containing specific antibodies obtained from an infected individual. In case of Salmonella infections, it is a demonstration of the presence of O-soma false-positive result. Test results need to be interpreted carefully in the light of past history of enteric fever, typhoid vaccination, and the general level of antibodies in the populations in endemic areas of the world. Typhidot is the other test used to ascertain the diagnosis of typhoid fever. As with all serological tests, the rise in antibody levels needed to perform the diagnosis takes 7–14 days, which limits it applicability in early diagnosis. Other means of diagnosing Salmonella typhi (and paratyphi) include cultures of blood, urine and faeces. These organisms produce H₂S from thiosulfate and can be easily identified on differential media such as Bismuth sulfite agar.

Often 2-mercaptoethanol is added to the Widal test. This agent more easily denatures the IgM class of antibodies, so if a decrease in the titer is seen after using this agent, it means that the contribution of IgM has been removed leaving the IgG component. This differentiation of antibody classes is important; as it allows for the distinction of a recent (IgM) from an old infection (IgG).

The Widal test is positive if TO antigen titer is more than 1:160 in an active infection, or if TH antigen titer is more than 1:160 in past infection or in immunized persons. A single Widal test is of little clinical relevance due to the number of cross reacting infections, including malaria. If no other tests (either bacteriologic culture or more specific serology) are available, a fourfold increase in the titer (e.g., from 1:40 to 1:160) in the course of the infection, or a conversion from an IgM reaction to an IgG reaction of at least the same titer, would be consistent with a typhoid infection.

A new serological test is called the Tubex test is not superior than the Widal test and even the Widal test gives better performance results, so the Tubex test is not recommended for diagnosis of typhoid fever.^[1]

References

^ "TUBEX Test Versus Widal Test In The Diagnosis Of Typhoid Fever In Kafr El -Shekh, Egypt.". Retrieved December 11, 2013.

External links

Widal agglutination test - 100 years later: still plagued by controversy. Postgrad Med J 2000; 76(892): 80-4. PMID 10644383

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 腸チフスの疫学、微生物学、臨床症状、および診断 epidemiology microbiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of typhoid fever

English Journal

Self-reported cue-induced physical symptoms of craving as an indicator of cocaine dependence.

Vorspan F1,2,3,4, Fortias M1,2, Zerdazi el-H3, Karsinti E3, Bloch V3, Lépine JP1,2,3, Bellivier F1,2,3, Brousse G5, van den Brink W4, Derks EM4.
The American journal on addictions / American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions.Am J Addict.2015 Dec;24(8):740-3. doi: 10.1111/ajad.12303. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
BACKGROUND: The presence of cocaine dependence is under-recognized by cocaine users and requires a careful standardized interview to be ascertained by clinicians.OBJECTIVE: To test if past experiences of cue-induced physical symptoms of craving (nausea, vomiting, sweating, shaking, nervousness) befo
PMID 26541796

Walking with eyes closed is easier than walking with eyes open without visual cues: The Romberg task versus the goggle task.

Yelnik AP1, Tasseel Ponche S2, Andriantsifanetra C3, Provost C4, Calvalido A3, Rougier P5.
Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine.Ann Phys Rehabil Med.2015 Dec;58(6):332-5. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.08.004. Epub 2015 Oct 2.
BACKGROUND: The Romberg test, with the subject standing and with eyes closed, gives diagnostic arguments for a proprioceptive disorder. Closing the eyes is also used in balance rehabilitation as a main way to stimulate neural plasticity with proprioceptive, vestibular and even cerebellar disorders.
PMID 26439522

Japanese Journal

非ウイルス性感染症 Widal反応 (広範囲血液・尿化学検査免疫学的検査(第7版・3)その数値をどう読むか) -- (免疫学的検査感染症関連検査(抗原および抗体を含む))

中村 (内山) ふくみ,大西健児
日本臨床 68(-) (980), 147-149, 2010-06-00
NAID 40017181730

臨床研究・症例報告パラチフスBによると考えられたヴィダール反応陽性の急性腎炎の1例

畠山邦也
小児科臨床 60(5), 923-926, 2007-05-00
NAID 40015447529

「ウィダール反応」

　　[★]

英: Widal reaction
同: ビィダル反応、ウィダール反応、ビダール反応、グルーベル・ウィダール反応 Gruber-Widal reaction、ウィダールテスト Widal test
関: チフス

[show details]

ウィダール反応 : 約 654 件
ビダール反応 : 約 519 件
ビィダル反応 : 約 2 件

チフス菌、パラチフス菌の血清学的な検査方法

「testing」

　　[★]

n.

試験

関: assessment、data quality、exam、examination、examine、experimental design、matched group、measurement、research design、scoring method、test、trial

「test」

　　[★] テスト　　　　　　　　　　

[1] "TUBEX Test Versus Widal Test In The Diagnosis Of Typhoid Fever In Kafr El -Shekh, Egypt.". Retrieved December 11, 2013.

リンク元	「ウィダール反応」
関連記事	「testing」「test」

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案内

Widal test