春季カタル
WordNet
- the 22nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)v
PrepTutorEJDIC
- vanadium の化学記号
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/14 13:02:44」(JST)
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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) or Spring catarrh is a recurrent, bilateral, and self-limiting inflammation of conjunctiva, having a periodic seasonal incidence.
Contents
- 1 Etiology
- 2 Predisposing factors
- 3 Pathology
- 4 Clinical picture
- 5 Vernal keratopathy
- 6 Treatment
- 7 See also
- 8 References
Etiology[edit]
VKC is thought to be an allergic disorder in which IgE mediated mechanism play a role. Such patients often give family history of other atopic diseases such as hay fever, asthma or eczema, and their peripheral blood shows eosinophilia and increased serum IgE levels.
Predisposing factors[edit]
- Age and sex – 4–20 years; more common in boys than girls.
- Season – More common in summer. Hence, the name Spring catarrh is a misnomer. Recently it is being labelled as Warm weather conjunctivitis.
- Climate – More prevalent in the tropics.
Pathology[edit]
- Conjunctival epithelium undergoes hyperplasia and sends downward projection into sub-epithelial tissue.
- Adenoid layer shows marked cellular infiltration by eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes.
- Fibrous layer show proliferation which later undergoes hyaline changes.
- Conjunctival vessels also show proliferation, increased permeability and vasodilation.
Clinical picture[edit]
- Symptoms- VKC is characterised by marked burning and itchy sensations which may be intolerable and accentuates when patient comes in a warm humid atmosphere. Associated symptoms include mild photophobia, lacrimation, stringy discharge and heaviness of eyelids.
- Signs of VKC can be described in three clinical forms.
- Palpebral form- Usually upper tarsal conjunctiva of both the eyes is involved. Typical lesion is characterized by the presence of hard, flat-topped papillae arranged in cobblestone or pavement stone fashion. In severe cases papillae undergo hypertrophy to produce cauliflower-like excrescences of 'giant papillae'.
- Bulbar form- It is characterised by dusky red triangular congestion of bulbar conjunctiva in palpebral area, gelatinous thickened accumulation of tissue around limbus and presence of discrete whitish raised dots along the limbus (Tranta's spots).
- Mixed form- Shows the features of both palpebral and bulbar types.
Vernal keratopathy[edit]
Corneal involvement in VKC may be primary or secondary due to extension of limbal lesions. Vernal keratopathy includes 5 types of lesions.
- Punctuate epithelial keratitis.
- Ulcerative vernal keratitis.
- Vernal corneal plaques.
- Subepithelial scarring.
- Pseudogerontoxon.
Treatment[edit]
- Local therapy- Topical steroids are effective. Commonly used solutions are of fluorometholone, medrysone, betamethasone or dexamethasone. Mast cell stabilizers such as sodium cromoglycate (2%) drops 4–5 times a day are quite effective in controlling VKC, especially atopic ones. Azelastine eyedrops are also effective. Topical antihistamines can be used. Acetyl cysteine (.0.5%) used topically has mucolytic properties and is useful in the treatment of early plaque formation. Topical Cyclosporine is reserved for unresponsive cases.
- Systemic therapy- Oral antihistamines and oral steroids for severe cases.
- Treatment of large papillae- Cryo application, surgical excision or supratarsal application of long-acting steroids.
- General measures include use of dark goggles to prevent photophobia, cold compresses and ice pack for soothing effects, change of place from hot to cold areas.
- Desensitization has also been tried without much rewarding results.
- Treatment of vernal keratopathy- Punctuate epithelial keratitis require no extra treatment except that instillation of steroids should be increased. Large vernal plaque requires surgical excision. Ulcerative vernal keratitis require surgical treatment in the form of debridement, superficial keratectomy, excimer laser therapeutic keratectomy, as well as amniotic membrane transplantation to enhance re-epithelialisation.
See also[edit]
- Conjunctivitis
- Allergic conjunctivitis
References[edit]
- A K Khurana's Comprehensive ophthalmology
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 春季カタル vernal keratoconjunctivitis
- 2. アトピー性角結膜炎 atopic keratoconjunctivitis
- 3. 巨大乳頭結膜炎 giant papillary conjunctivitis
- 4. アレルギー性結膜炎：臨床症状および診断 allergic conjunctivitis clinical manifestations and diagnosis
- 5. 中毒性結膜炎 toxic conjunctivitis
English Journal
- Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients under long-term topical corticosteroid therapy.
- Cingu AK1, Cinar Y, Turkcu FM, Sahinoglu-Keskek N, Sahin A, Sahin M, Yuksel H, Caca I.
- Cutaneous and ocular toxicology.Cutan Ocul Toxicol.2014 Sep;33(3):184-8. doi: 10.3109/15569527.2013.829483. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients who were under long-term topical corticosteroid therapy.METHODS: Thirty-six eyes of 36 VKC patients with clear cornea and normal videokeratography and 40 eyes o
- PMID 24021018
- CCL20/MIP-3 alpha mRNA expression in the conjunctival epithelium of normal individuals and patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
- Inada N1, Ishimori A, Shoji J.
- Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2014 Aug 30. [Epub ahead of print]
- BACKGROUND: CCL20, the single chemokine ligand for CCR6, contributes to recruiting CCR6-expressing memory B cells, memory T cells, Th17 cells and dendritic cells, and is involved in regulating immune responses, homeostasis, and inflammation in mucosal tissues.METHODS: CCL20 messenger RNA (mRNA) expr
- PMID 25172034
- Identifying the subfamilies of voltage-gated potassium channels using feature selection technique.
- Liu WX1, Deng EZ2, Chen W3, Lin H4.
- International journal of molecular sciences.Int J Mol Sci.2014 Jul 22;15(7):12940-51. doi: 10.3390/ijms150712940.
- Voltage-gated K+ channel (VKC) plays important roles in biology procession, especially in nervous system. Different subfamilies of VKCs have different biological functions. Thus, knowing VKCs' subfamilies has become a meaningful job because it can guide the direction for the disease diagnosis and dr
- PMID 25054318
Japanese Journal
- アレルギー性結膜疾患の分類と疫学 (特集 アレルギー性結膜疾患の基礎と臨床)
- アレルギー性結膜炎 (特集 アレルギー・免疫疾患の治癒を考える)
Related Links
- Model Length(ft) Line(lb) Lure(oz) Action PRICE(¥) BAITCASTING VKC-65ML／652ML 6'5" 8-14 3/16-1/2 REGULAR FAST 17,800 VKC-63M／632M 6'3" 10-16 1/4-3/4 REGULAR 18,300 VKC-66M／662M 6'6" 10-16 1/4-3/4 REGULAR
- New Arrivals Hot Products News VKC, founded in 1984 very soon went on to become one of South India's prestigious footwear manufacturers. The VKC brand has already made its presence felt in some States to the further North ...
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★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- vernal conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis VKC, spring catarrh
- ラ
- conjunctivitis vernalis
- 関
- アレルギー性結膜炎、巨大乳頭結膜炎、アトピー性結膜炎、結膜炎
参考
- 1. [charged] 春季カタル - uptodate [1]
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