WordNet

produce or disclose suddenly or unexpectedly; "He sprang these news on me just as I was leaving"
the season of growth; "the emerging buds were a sure sign of spring"; "he will hold office until the spring of next year" (同)springtime
develop suddenly; "The tire sprang a leak"
a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed; "the spring was broken"
a natural flow of ground water (同)fountain, outflow, outpouring, natural spring
a point at which water issues forth
inflammation of the nose and throat with increased production of mucus

PrepTutorEJDIC

《副詞[句]を伴って》『跳ぶ』,跳ねる,跳躍する / 〈風・涙・考えなどが〉(…に)突然現れる(発生する,起こる)《+『up to』(『into』)+『名』》 / (ばねで)はじける,跳ね返る / 〈雑草・家などが〉突然(急速に)生まれ出る,成長する《+『up』》 / (原因から)起こる,生じる;(家柄などが…の)出である《+『from』+『名』》 / 〈板などが〉そる,ひびが入る,割れる / …‘を'跳ねさせる,跳ね返らせる / (人に)〈提案など〉‘を'急に(不意に)車ち出す(言い出す)《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』〈人〉》 / 〈板など〉‘を'そらす,割る,‘に'ひびを入れる
〈C〉〈U〉『春』;《比垓(ひゆ)的に》(人生などの)春《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉『跳ぶこと』,跳ねること,跳躍 / 〈C〉『ばね』,ぜんまい,スプリング / 〈U〉(…の)弾力,弾性《+『of』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉(心の)弾力,元気,活力 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》『泉』 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》(物事の)源泉,起源;(行為などの)動機,原因《+『of』+『名』》 / 春の,春向きの / ばねのついた,ばね仕掛けの
カタル(特にかぜなどで鼻・のどなどの粘膜に起こる炎症)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/11 06:32:49」(JST)

wiki en

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) or spring catarrh is a recurrent, bilateral, and self-limiting inflammation of conjunctiva, having a periodic seasonal incidence.

Sign and symptoms

Symptoms- VKC is characterised by marked burning and itchy sensations which may be intolerable and accentuates when patient comes in a warm humid atmosphere. Associated symptoms include mild photophobia in case of corneal involvement, lacrimation, stringy discharge and heaviness of eyelids.^{[citation needed]}
Signs of VKC can be described in three clinical forms.

Palpebral form- Usually upper tarsal conjunctiva of both the eyes is involved. Typical lesion is characterized by the presence of hard, flat-topped papillae arranged in cobblestone or pavement stone fashion. In severe cases papillae undergo hypertrophy to produce cauliflower-like excrescences of 'giant papillae'.
Bulbar form- It is characterised by dusky red triangular congestion of bulbar conjunctiva in palpebral area, gelatinous thickened accumulation of tissue around limbus and presence of discrete whitish raised dots along the limbus (Tranta's spots).
Mixed form- Shows the features of both palpebral and bulbar types.

Cause

VKC is thought to be an allergic disorder in which IgE mediated mechanism play a role. Such patients often give family history of other atopic diseases such as hay fever, asthma or eczema, and their peripheral blood shows eosinophilia and increased serum IgE levels.

Predisposing factors

Age and sex – 4–20 years; more common in boys than girls.
Season – More common in summer. Hence, the name Spring catarrh is a misnomer. Recently it is being labelled as Warm weather conjunctivitis.
Climate – More prevalent in the tropics. VKC cases are mostly seen in hot months of summer, therefore, more suitable term for this condition is "summer catarrh" Ref.^[1]

Pathology

Conjunctival epithelium undergoes hyperplasia and sends downward projection into sub-epithelial tissue.
Adenoid layer shows marked cellular infiltration by eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes.
Fibrous layer show proliferation which later undergoes hyaline changes.
Conjunctival vessels also show proliferation, increased permeability and vasodilation.

Vernal keratopathy

Corneal involvement in VKC may be primary or secondary due to extension of limbal lesions. Vernal keratopathy includes 5 types of lesions.^{[citation needed]}

Punctuate epithelial keratitis.
Ulcerative vernal keratitis.
Vernal corneal plaques.
Subepithelial scarring.
Pseudogerontoxon.

Treatment

Local therapy- Topical steroids are effective. Commonly used solutions are of fluorometholone, medrysone, betamethasone or dexamethasone. Mast cell stabilizers such as sodium cromoglycate (2%) drops 4–5 times a day are quite effective in controlling VKC, especially atopic ones. Azelastine eyedrops are also effective. Topical antihistamines can be used. Acetyl cysteine (0.5%) used topically has mucolytic properties and is useful in the treatment of early plaque formation. Topical Cyclosporine is reserved for unresponsive cases.^{[citation needed]}
Systemic therapy- Oral antihistamines and oral steroids for severe cases.
Treatment of large papillae- Cryo application, surgical excision or supratarsal application of long-acting steroids.
General measures include use of dark goggles to prevent photophobia, cold compresses and ice pack for soothing effects, change of place from hot to cold areas.
Desensitization has also been tried without much rewarding results.
Treatment of vernal keratopathy- Punctuate epithelial keratitis require no extra treatment except that instillation of steroids should be increased. Large vernal plaque requires surgical excision. Ulcerative vernal keratitis require surgical treatment in the form of debridement, superficial keratectomy, excimer laser therapeutic keratectomy, as well as amniotic membrane transplantation to enhance re-epithelialisation.
Recently treatment with Tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) used topically twice daily is showing encouraging results.

References

^ Shah, Syed Imtiaz Ali (2014). Concise Ophthalmology (4th ed.). Paramount. p. 31. ISBN 978-969-637-001-7.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 多形日光疹 polymorphous light eruption
2. サラセミアの臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of the thalassemias
3. サラセミア症候群の分子病理 molecular pathology of the thalassemic syndromes
4. ヘモグロビン変異の概要 introduction to hemoglobin mutations
5. αサラセミアの病態生理 pathophysiology of alpha thalassemia

English Journal

Seasonal variation of carbonaceous pollutants in PM2.5 at an urban 'supersite' in Shanghai, China.

Wang F1, Guo Z2, Lin T3, Rose NL4.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2016 Mar;146:238-44. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.036. Epub 2015 Dec 28.
Multiple PM2.5 samples collected through different seasons from October 2011 to August 2012 at an urban site in Shanghai, China were analyzed for carbonaceous pollutants. Data from this site, a 'super' air quality monitoring station at Fudan University, has been used by researchers to investigate t
PMID 26735723

Genome assembly and geospatial phylogenomics of the bed bug Cimex lectularius.

Rosenfeld JA1,2,3, Reeves D4,5,6, Brugler MR1,2,7, Narechania A1,2, Simon S1,8, Durrett R4,5, Foox J1,2, Shianna K9, Schatz MC10, Gandara J4,5, Afshinnekoo E4,5, Lam ET11, Hastie AR11, Chan S11, Cao H11, Saghbini M11, Kentsis A12,13, Planet PJ1,2,14, Kholodovych V15, Tessler M1,2, Baker R1,2, DeSalle R1,2, Sorkin LN2, Kolokotronis SO1,2,16, Siddall ME1,2, Amato G1,2, Mason CE4,5,6,17.
Nature communications.Nat Commun.2016 Feb 2;7:10164. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10164.
The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) has been a persistent pest of humans for thousands of years, yet the genetic basis of the bed bug's basic biology and adaptation to dense human environments is largely unknown. Here we report the assembly, annotation and phylogenetic mapping of the 697.9-Mb Cim
PMID 26836631

Whole Genome Sequencing Defines the Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Pancreatic Cancer.

Roberts NJ1, Norris AL2, Petersen GM3, Bondy ML4, Brand R5, Gallinger S6, Kurtz RC7, Olson SH8, Rustgi AK9, Schwartz AG10, Stoffel E11, Syngal S12, Zogopoulos G13, Ali SZ2, Axilbund J2, Chaffee KG3, Chen YC14, Cote ML10, Childs EJ15, Douville C14, Goes FS16, Herman JM17, Iacobuzio-Donahue C18, Kramer M19, Makohon-Moore A2, McCombie RW19, McMahon KW20, Niknafs N14, Parla J21, Pirooznia M16, Potash JB22, Rhim AD23, Smith AL13, Wang Y20, Wolfgang CL24, Wood LD25, Zandi PP16, Goggins M26, Karchin R14, Eshleman JR25, Papadopoulos N20, Kinzler KW27, Vogelstein B27, Hruban RH28, Klein AP29.
Cancer discovery.Cancer Discov.2016 Feb;6(2):166-75. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0402. Epub 2015 Dec 9.
Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States by 2020. A familial aggregation of pancreatic cancer has been established, but the cause of this aggregation in most families is unknown. To determine the genetic basis of susceptibility in
PMID 26658419

Japanese Journal

実験小動物におけるMyxovirus para-influenzae 1 (HVJ) の感染に関する研究

ウイルス 11(2), 108-119, 1961
NAID 130003707829

OBSERVATIONS ON THE THERAPEUTIC VIRTUE OF THE PURIFIED VACCINIA LYMPH ON BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

The Japanese Medical Journal 1(2), 133-138, 1948
NAID 130004296932

都市空氣の汚染に就て(昭和五年八月十六日燃料協會第八十四囘例會講演)

燃料協會誌 9(96), 九八一-九九六, 1930-09
NAID 110004412961

Related Pictures

VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS front Spring catarrh (Vernal kerato-conjunctivitis)＠金台診所附設醫學美容(02 Conjunctivitis - Amritsar Eye Clinic Ophthalmic review for GP Medical Pictures Info – Vernal Conjunctivitis Allergic conjuncticitis Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis - American Academy of Ophthalmology

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「春季カタル」
関連記事	「spring」

「春季カタル」

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
	Some of the cornea and conjunctiva findings in vernal conjunctivitis
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Ophthalmology
	[edit on Wikidata]