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a tax levied on the difference between a commoditys price before taxes and its cost of production (同)value-added_tax, ad valorem tax

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/21 17:49:52」(JST)

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1. ビデオ胸腔鏡下手術（VATS）の概要 overview of video assisted thoracoscopic surgery vats
2. 胸腔鏡の概要 an overview of medical thoracoscopy
3. 肺転移の外科的切除：利益、適応、術前評価および手技 surgical resection of pulmonary metastases benefits indications preoperative evaluation and techniques
4. 成人における原発性自然気胸 primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults
5. 小児における肺炎随伴胸水および膿胸のマネージメントおよび予後 management and prognosis of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children

Establishing the Content Validity of the King's Health Questionnaire in Men and Women with Overactive Bladder in the US.

Margolis MK, Vats V, Coyne KS, Kelleher C.SourceUnited BioSource Corporation, Center for Health Outcomes Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
The patient.Patient.2011 Sep 1;4(3):177-87. doi: 10.2165/11586480-000000000-00000.
Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) consists of the symptoms of urinary urgency (with or without urgency incontinence) and increased urinary frequency and nocturia. As OAB is defined by symptoms, the patient is the best source of information for assessing the impact of the condition on health-relat
PMID 21766913

Complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery anatomic segmentectomy for clinical stage I lung carcinoma - technique and feasibility.

Witte B, Wolf M, Hillebrand H, Huertgen M.SourceDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Katholisches Klinikum Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany.
Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery.Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg.2011 Aug;13(2):148-52. Epub 2011 May 12.
This paper describes a prospective, observational, single-centre study of 20 consecutive patients with clinical stage I lung carcinoma undergoing anatomical sublobar resections using complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (cVATS). Thirteen male and seven female patients with a median age of 6
PMID 21565840

Learning of thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy: How can the learning curve be made short and flat?

Ninomiya Itasu,Osugi Harushi,Tomizawa Naoki,Fujimura Takashi,Kayahara Masato,Takamura Hiroyuki,Fushida Sachio,Oyama Katsunobu,Nakagawara Hisatoshi,Makino Isamu,Ohta Tetsuo
Diseases of the Esophagus 23(8), 618-626, 2011-11
… Attainment of proficiency in video-assisted thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy (VATS) for thoracic esophageal cancer requires much experience. … We evaluated the efficacy of instruction during the induction period by comparing the results at the two institutions in which VATS had been newly induced. … We defined the induction period as the time from the beginning of VATS to the time when the last instruction was carried out. …
NAID 120002772014