WordNet

pertaining to the tiny air sacs of the lungs
pertaining to the sockets of the teeth or that part of the upper jaw; "alveolar processes"
the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air (同)airing
a mechanical system in a building that provides fresh air; "she was continually adjusting the ventilation" (同)ventilation system, ventilating system

PrepTutorEJDIC

Veterans Administration 在郷軍人局 / Vice Admiral
歯茎音の(舌先を上歯茎にふれて発音する) / 肺胞の;歯槽(しそう)の / 歯茎音
換気,通風 / 換気設備,通風装置 / 世に問うこと,自由討議

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/01 19:23:55」(JST)

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In respiratory physiology, ventilation is the movement of air between the environment and the lungs via inhalation and exhalation. Thus, for organisms with lungs, it is synonymous with breathing. Ventilation usually happens in a rhythmic pattern, and the frequency of that pattern is called the ventilation rate (or, by long-standing convention, the respiratory rate, even though in precise usage ventilation is a hyponym, not a synonym, of respiration).

Ventilation volumes and rates are categorized under the following definitions:

Measurement	Symbol	Equation	Description
Minute ventilation		= tidal volume * respiratory rate^[1]^[2]	the total volume of gas entering the lungs per minute.
Alveolar ventilation		= (tidal volume - dead space) * respiratory rate ^[1]	the volume of gas per unit time that reaches the alveoli, the respiratory portions of the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Dead space ventilation		= dead space * respiratory rate^[3]	is the volume of gas per unit time that does not reach these respiratory portions, but instead remains in the airways (trachea, bronchi, etc.).

Sample values

Measure	Sample value at rest	Sample value moderate exercise^[4]
Tidal volume	0.5 L	3.0 L
Respiratory rate	12 breaths/minute	30 breaths/minute
Minute ventilation	6.0 L/min	90 L/min
Dead space	0.15 L	0.15 L
Dead space ventilation	1.8 L/min	4.5 L/min
Alveolar ventilation	4.2 L/min	85.5 L/min
Functional residual capacity (FRC)	2.5 L	2.5 L
Specific Ventilation (Tidal volume / FRC)	0.2 L

Pulmonary ventilation may be evaluated using a breathing tube or spirometer, measuring the movement of the chest and abdominal walls using respiratory inductance plethysmography or by isolating the subject in an enclosed metabolic chamber (body plethysmography).

References

^ ^a ^b Respiratory Physiology: Ventilation
^ Respiratory Physiology (page 2)
^ Physiology at MCG 4/4ch3/s4ch3_16
^ Int Panis, L (2010). "Exposure to particulate matter in traffic: A comparison of cyclists and car passengers". Atmospheric Environment 44: 2263–2270. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.028.

External links

Pulmonary ventilation at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
RT Corner (Educational Site for RT's and Nurses) at rtcorner.net

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1. 機械的人工換気の概要 overview of mechanical ventilation
2. 成人の急性呼吸窮迫症候群における機械的人工換気 mechanical ventilation of adults in acute respiratory distress syndrome
3. 機械的人工換気のモード modes of mechanical ventilation
4. 腹臥位呼吸管理 prone ventilation
5. 救急外来における成人の人工呼吸器 mechanical ventilation of adults in the emergency department

English Journal

Plasma-Derived Human C1-Esterase Inhibitor Does Not Prevent Mechanical Ventilation-Induced Pulmonary Complement Activation in a Rat Model of Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia.

de Beer FM1, Aslami H, Hoeksma J, van Mierlo G, Wouters D, Zeerleder S, Roelofs JJ, Juffermans NP, Schultz MJ, Lagrand WK.
Cell biochemistry and biophysics.Cell Biochem Biophys.2014 Nov;70(2):795-803. doi: 10.1007/s12013-014-9983-7.
Mechanical ventilation has the potential to cause lung injury, and the role of complement activation herein is uncertain. We hypothesized that inhibition of the complement cascade by administration of plasma-derived human C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) prevents ventilation-induced pulmonary compleme
PMID 24760631

Higher levels of spontaneous breathing reduce lung injury in experimental moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome*.

Carvalho NC1, Güldner A, Beda A, Rentzsch I, Uhlig C, Dittrich S, Spieth PM, Wiedemann B, Kasper M, Koch T, Richter T, Rocco PR, Pelosi P, de Abreu MG.
Critical care medicine.Crit Care Med.2014 Nov;42(11):e702-15. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000605.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of different levels of spontaneous breathing during biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation on lung function and injury in an experimental model of moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome.DESIGN: Multiple-arm randomized experimenta
PMID 25162475

Deficiency of the Two-Pore-Domain Potassium Channel TREK-1 Promotes Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury.

Schwingshackl A1, Teng B, Makena P, Ghosh M, Sinclair SE, Luellen C, Balasz L, Rovnaghi C, Bryan RM, Lloyd EE, Fitzpatrick E, Saravia JS, Cormier SA, Waters CM.
Critical care medicine.Crit Care Med.2014 Nov;42(11):e692-701. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000603.
OBJECTIVES: We previously reported the expression of the two-pore-domain K channel TREK-1 in lung epithelial cells and proposed a role for this channel in the regulation of alveolar epithelial cytokine secretion. In this study, we focused on investigating the role of TREK-1 in vivo in the developmen
PMID 25126877

Japanese Journal

Repeated open endotracheal suctioning causes gradual desaturation but does not exacerbate lung injury compared to closed endotracheal suctioning in a rabbit model of ARDS

Sakuramoto Hideaki,Shimojo Nobutake,Jesmin Subrina,Unoki Takeshi,Kamiyama Junko,Oki Masami,Miya Ken,Kawano Satoru,Mizutani Taro
BMC anesthesiology 13, 47, 2013-12
… BackgroundAlthough endotracheal suctioning induces alveolar derecruitment during mechanical ventilation, it is not clear whether repeated endotracheal suctioning exacerbates lung injuries. …
NAID 120005373269

歯科・口腔外科的手術後の耳鼻咽喉科的合併症に対する内視鏡下鼻内手術の3例

國弘幸伸,大場俊彦
福岡医学雑誌 = Fukuoka acta medica 104(6), 205-213, 2013-06-25
… This surgery aims to restore ventilation and drainage of paranasal sinuses by correcting the anatomical structures in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses intranasally. … Resection of infected foci in the alveolar ridge or maxillary floor, when necessary, can be achieved intraorally both during or after endonasal sinus surgery. …
NAID 120005323555

ARDSに対するOpen lung approachのエビデンス

中根正樹
日本臨床麻酔学会誌 33(7), 932-938, 2013
Open lung approachは肺傷害によって虚脱した肺胞を再開放させ（Open up the lung），再虚脱しないように気道内圧を保つ（Keep the lung open）ことで，肺コンプライアンスが高い状態を維持しながら肺へのストレスが少ない陽圧換気を行う人工呼吸法の概念である．本概念に含まれる呼吸管理には，低容量換気とプラトー圧の制限に加えて，リクルートメント手技の併用，より …
NAID 130004450213