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In neurophysiology, peristimulus time histogram and poststimulus time histogram, both abbreviated PSTH or PST histogram, are histograms of the times at which neurons fire. These histograms are used to visualize the rate and timing of neuronal spike discharges in relation to an external stimulus or event. The peristimulus time histogram is sometimes called perievent time histogram, and post-stimulus and peri-stimulus are often hyphenated.

The prefix peri, for through, is typically used in the case of periodic stimuli, in which case the PSTH show neuron firing times wrapped to one cycle of the stimulus. The prefix post is used when the PSTH shows the timing of neuron firings in response to a stimulus event or onset.^[1]

To make a PSTH, a spike train recorded from a single neuron is aligned with the onset, or a fixed phase point, of an identical stimulus repeatedly presented to an animal. The aligned sequences are superimposed in time, and then used to construct a histogram.^[2]

Construction procedure

Align spike sequences with the onset of a stimulus that is repeated n times. For periodic stimuli, wrap the response sequence back to time zero after each time period T, and count n as the total number of periods of data.
Divide the stimulus period or observation period T into N bins of size .
Count the number of spikes k_i from all n sequences that fall in the bin i.
Draw a bar-graph histogram with the bar-height of bin i given by in units of estimated spikes per second at time .

The optimal bin size (assuming an underlying Poisson point process) Δ is a minimizer of the formula, (2k-v)/Δ², where k and v are mean and variance of k_i. ^[3]

References

^ Franklin Bretschneider and Jan R. De Weille (2006). Introduction to Electrophysiological Methods and Instrumentation. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-370588-6.
^ Palm, G.; Aertsen, A. M.; Gerstein, G. L. (1988). "On the significance of correlations among neuronal spike trains". Biological Cybernetics 59 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/BF00336885. PMID 3401513.
^ Shimazaki, H.; Shinomoto, S. (2007). "A method for selecting the bin size of a time histogram". Neural Computation 19 (6): 1503–152. doi:10.1162/neco.2007.19.6.1503. PMID 17444758.

English Journal

Estimating reflex responses in large populations of motor units by decomposition of the high-density surface electromyogram.

Yavuz UŞ1,2, Negro F1, Sebik O3, Holobar A4, Frömmel C2, Türker KS3, Farina D1.
The Journal of physiology.J Physiol.2015 Oct 1;593(19):4305-18. doi: 10.1113/JP270635. Epub 2015 Aug 2.
KEY POINTS: Reflex responses of single motor units have been used for the study of spinal circuitries but the methods employed are invasive and limited to the assessment of a relatively small number of motor units. We propose a new approach to investigate reflexes on individual motor units based on
PMID 26115007

Modulating effect of COMT Val(158)Met polymorphism on interference resolution during a working memory task.

Jaspar M1, Dideberg V2, Bours V2, Maquet P3, Collette F4.
Brain and cognition.Brain Cogn.2015 Apr;95:7-18. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.01.013. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
Genetic variability related to the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene has received increasing attention in the last 15years, in particular as a potential modulator of the neural substrates underlying inhibitory processes and updating in working memory (WM). In an event-related functional magne
PMID 25682348

Effect of Stimulus Waveform of Biphasic Current Pulse on Retinal Ganglion Cell Responses in Retinal Degeneration (rd1) mice.

Ahn KN1, Ahn JY1, Kim JH2, Cho K3, Koo KI4, Senok SS5, Goo YS1.
The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology.Korean J Physiol Pharmacol.2015 Mar;19(2):167-75. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.2.167. Epub 2015 Feb 25.
A retinal prosthesis is being developed for the restoration of vision in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Determining optimal electrical stimulation parameters for the prosthesis is one of the most important elements for the development of a viable
PMID 25729279

Japanese Journal

Distinct neural firing mechanisms to tonal stimuli offset in the inferior colliculus of mice in vivo.

Neuroscience research 73(3), 224-237, 2012-07
… Based on peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) patterns, we classified extracellular offset responses into four types: Offset, Onset-Offset, Onset-Sustained-Offset and Inhibition-Offset types. …
NAID 80022843232

9P-C-2 聴覚末梢系モデルから得られる多次元パルス信号を用いた話者識別(C会場大学院生・学部学生奨励賞セッション)

安福正啓,畔津忠博,内野英治,末竹規哲
バイオメディカル・ファジィ・システム学会大会講演論文集 : BMFSA (23), 35-40, 2010-10-09
… The feature vector based on the post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of the pulse signals is used for the speaker identification. …
NAID 110008136572

多細胞同時記録実験と解析

石金浩史
日本神経回路学会誌 = The Brain & neural networks 15(3), 203-208, 2008-09-05
… なデータ量と解析に日夜頭を悩ませている．単一ニューロン記録が主流だった時代においては神経科学界におけるセントラルドグマである「頻度の法則」に基づき，ラスタープロットとperi-stimulus time histogram（PSTH）によるデータ表示と解析が行われていた．これは多くの場合において感覚の程度や運動出力の強度が"全か無か"の法則にしたがうスパイク発火の頻度と対応関係がある事実に対してその妥当性の根拠を求め …
NAID 10024274762