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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/24 14:14:31」(JST)

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"PACU" redirects here. For the fish, see Pacu.

A post-anesthesia care unit, often abbreviated PACU and sometimes referred to as post-anesthesia recovery or PAR, is a vital part of hospitals, ambulatory care centers, and other medical facilities. It is an area, normally attached to operating theater suites, designed to provide care for patients recovering from anesthesia, whether it be general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, or local anesthesia.

Common activities

The PACU staff, generally composed of highly trained nurses are charged with many vital tasks for the care of post-anesthesia and post-operative patients. These essential activities include:-

monitoring vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and respiratory rate)
managing post-operative pain.
treating symptoms of postoperative nausea and vomiting (or PONV)
treating postanesthetic shivering
monitoring surgical site(s) for excessive bleeding, discharge, swelling, hematoma, redness, etc.

These common activities may often need supplementing with more intensive care or treatment. This may require :

Preparation and education for the use of Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) units
Preparation and establishment of IV, epidural or perineural infusions
Preparation and establishment of invasive monitoring such as arterial lines, central venous lines, ventriculostomies, etc.

Post-operative complications

Occasionally, serious life threatening complications, such as laryngospasm, respiratory arrest, or malignant hyperthermia can arise post-anesthesia. Patients are cared for with interdisciplinary measures from Anesthesiologists, Certified Nurse Anesthetists or CRNA's, PACU nurses and Surgeons. Patients may remain or have to be re-intubated due to anaphylaxis, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, or complications from surgery such as extended operative time and long-term exposure to anesthesia and narcotics. Unless complications occur, most patients will only stay in the PACU for a few hours, then return to same day surgery unit before returning home or to another department of the hospital.

There is the potential for other serious complications due to relatively easy to prevent situations such as patient slip and falls while coming off surgery anaesthesia in recovery rooms.

External links

Ketamine: Emergency Applications (eMedicine.com) - discusses laryngospasm.^{[dead link]}

UpToDate Contents

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1. 麻酔後ケア病棟における合併症発生の概要 overview of complications occurring in the post anesthesia care unit
2. 肥満患者に対する麻酔 anesthesia for the obese patient
3. 腹部大動脈瘤ステントグラフト留置術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for endovascular aortic repair
4. 閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸のある成人の術後マネージメント postoperative management of adults with obstructive sleep apnea
5. 麻酔および麻酔剤選択の概要 overview of anesthesia and anesthetic choices

English Journal

Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of Myxobolus cf. cuneus, a parasite of patinga hybrid and Henneguya pseudoplatystoma, a parasite of pintado hybrid.

Milanin T, Maia AA, Silva MR, Carriero MM, Adriano EA.
Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warszawa, Poland.Acta Parasitol.2015 Sep 1;60(3):442-50. doi: 10.1515/ap-2015-0061.
Through morphological, histopathological and ultrastructural analysis of Myxobolus cuneus Adriano, Arana et Cordeiro, 2006 and Henneguya pseudoplatystoma Naldoni, Arana, Maia, Ceccarelli, Tavares, Borges, Pozo et Adriano, 2009 were identified infecting pacu respectively (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and
PMID 26204181

Emergence from general anaesthesia and evolution of delirium signs in the post-anaesthesia care unit.

Card E1, Pandharipande P2, Tomes C3, Lee C3, Wood J3, Nelson D1, Graves A4, Shintani A5, Ely EW6, Hughes C7.
British journal of anaesthesia.Br J Anaesth.2015 Sep;115(3):411-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeu442. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
BACKGROUND: Emergence from anaesthesia is often accompanied by signs of delirium, including fluctuating mental status and inattention. The evolution of these signs of delirium requires investigation since delirium in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) may be associated with worse outcomes.METHODS
PMID 25540068

Is inpatient admission necessary following removal of airway foreign bodies?

Andreoli SM1, Kofmehl E2, Sobol SE2.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Sep;79(9):1436-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.06.020. Epub 2015 Jul 10.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the need for postoperative admission following airway foreign body retrieval by examining the preoperative presentation, operative details, and postoperative recovery.INTRODUCTION: Inpatient admission following foreign body removal is common, however little evidence supports
PMID 26194048

Japanese Journal

術後患者における病棟での重篤な有害事象を減らすためにPostanesthesia care unit (PACU)が果たせる役割

仙頭佳起,鈴木利保,祖父江和哉
蘇生 33(2), 59-62, 2014
… 　Postanesthesia care unit (PACU)を運営することにより，一般病棟での術後患者に発症しうる重篤な有害事象が減少しうるか否かを調査した。 … 手術室退室あるいはPACU退室後12時間以内に院内救急コールが起動された症例は各施設で1-2例であった。 …
NAID 130004707674

Exposure to Exhaled Nitorus Oxide in Hospitals Post-Anesthesia Care Units

NAYEBZADEH Ataolah
Industrial Health 45(2), 334-337, 2007
… It is very unlikely that these low exposure levels can cause any adverse health effect among pregnant PACU employees. … However, for those institutions that seek extra protective measures, reassignment of pregnant employees needs to be extended for several hours after a patient is admitted in the PACU units. …
NAID 130004483229

Growth and morphological changes in the digestive tract of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) due to casein replacement with soybean proteins

OSTASZEWSKA T
Aquaculture 245, 273-286, 2005
NAID 30006513105

Related Pictures

Big Fishes of the World: PACU (Piaractus Pacu | Acuariofilia para novatos Ficheiro:Pacu shedd.jpg – Wikipédia, a Pacu :: PSICULTURA This pacu was in a 2 foot tank and could Le Pacu : les dents de la Seine Here is a photo of a smaller black pacu. File:Red Pacu.JPG - Wikipedia, the free