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a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure (同)hiatus
marine microorganism having a calcareous shell with openings where pseudopods protrude (同)foraminifer

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1. 髄芽腫の臨床症状、診断、およびリスク層別化 clinical presentation diagnosis and risk stratification of medulloblastoma
2. 水頭症 hydrocephalus
3. 神経管欠損および脳室拡大を除く中枢神経系異常の出生前診断 prenatal diagnosis of cns anomalies other than neural tube defects and ventriculomegaly
4. 卵円孔開存 patent foramen ovale
5. 小児における、心房中隔欠損（ASD）の分類および孤立性ASDの臨床的特徴および診断 classification of atrial septal defects asds and clinical features and diagnosis of isolated asds in children

Kageyama H1,2,3, Miyajima M1, Ogino I1, Nakajima M1, Shimoji K1, Fukai R2, Miyake N2, Nishiyama K4, Matsumoto N2, Arai H1.
Journal of neurosurgery.J Neurosurg.2015 Dec 4:1-9. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECT The authors' goal in this paper is to provide the first clinical, radiological, and genetic studies of panventriculomegaly (PaVM) defined by a wide foramen of Magendie and large cisterna magna. METHODS Clinical and brain imaging data from 28 PaVM patients (including 10 patients from 5 familie
PMID 26636390

Syringohydromyelia in association with syringobulbia and syringocephaly: case report.

Menezes AH1, Greenlee JD1, Longmuir RA2, Hansen DR1, Abode-Iyamah K1.
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics.J Neurosurg Pediatr.2015 Jun;15(6):657-61. doi: 10.3171/2014.11.PEDS14189. Epub 2015 Mar 13.
The authors present the case of a 14-year-old boy with holocord syringohydromyelia extending into the brainstem, cerebral peduncle, internal capsule, and cerebral cortex. At the posterior fossa exploration, an opaque thickened arachnoid with occlusion of the foramen of Magendie was encountered. Care
PMID 26030334

Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential recovery following opening of the fourth ventricle during posterior fossa decompression in Chiari malformation: case report.

Grossauer S1, Koeck K, Vince GH.
Journal of neurosurgery.J Neurosurg.2015 Mar;122(3):692-6. doi: 10.3171/2014.10.JNS14401. Epub 2014 Dec 19.
The most appropriate surgical technique for posterior fossa decompression in Chiari malformation (CM) remains a matter of debate. Intraoperative electrophysiological studies during posterior fossa decompression of Type I CM (CM-I) aim to shed light on the entity's pathomechanism as well as on the id
PMID 25526275

谷諭,阿部俊昭,長島弘泰,磯島晃,日下康子,大橋洋揮,栃木悟
脳神経外科ジャーナル 17(4), 293-298, 2008-04-20
著者らは,Chiari奇形の外科的治療の具体的方法について,以下のような点を中心に述べた.(1)手術体位は頸部を十分に屈曲することが大切であるが,屈曲程度は術前に患者に体位を取らせ無理のない範囲とすべきである.(2)皮膚切聞は約5cm程度で,毛髪の中に収まるようにする.展開ではC_2へ付着する大後頭直筋などは可及的に温存する.(3)後頭蓋窩の開頭は一般的には大孔部の減圧術が行われている.この部分の …
NAID 110006657323

佐藤雄一,和田司,冨塚信彦,幸治孝裕,小笠原邦昭,小川彰
脳神経外科ジャーナル 16(5), 417-421, 2007-05-20
Chiari I型奇形に合併したtriventricular hydrocephalusの1例を経験した.本例に対する神経内視鏡的第三脳室底開窓術(ETV)の適応を検討するため髄液循環を評価した.症例は,歩行障害が主訴の60歳男性.MRIで第四脳室拡大を伴わない側脳室・第三脳室の拡大とChiari I型奇形を認めた.ETV施行も無効と予想され,脳室腹腔短絡術を追加した.術後,脳室は縮小し,歩行障害 …
NAID 110006249717