関: black-legged tick、deer tick、hard tick、Ixodes、Ixodes dammini、Ixodes persulcatus、Ixodes scapularis、Ixodidae、tick

WordNet

make a sound like a clock or a timer; "the clocks were ticking"; "the grandfather clock beat midnight" (同)ticktock, ticktack, beat
a light mattress
any of two families of small parasitic arachnids with barbed proboscis; feed on blood of warm-blooded animals
a metallic tapping sound; "he counted the ticks of the clock" (同)ticking
sew; "tick a mattress" (同)retick
hard ticks (同)family Ixodidae
type genus of the family Ixodidae (同)genus Ixodes
a toxic protein extracted from castor beans; used as a chemical reagent; can be used as a bioweapon; "one milligram of ricin can kill an adult" (同)ricin toxin
a genus of herb having only one known species: castor-oil plant (同)genus Ricinus

PrepTutorEJDIC

(時計まどの)カチカチ[という音] / 《英語》瞬間 / 照合(点検)済みの印,チェック / 〈時計などが〉カチカチ音がする《+away》 / 〈時が〉過ぎる,経過する∥+by(away)》 / 《話》〈人が〉行動する,〈機械などが〉動く
〈C〉(ふとん・まくらなどの)表布
ダニ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/04 10:29:16」(JST)

wiki en

Ixodes ricinus, the castor bean tick, is a chiefly European species of hard-bodied tick. It may reach a length of 11 mm (0.43 in) when engorged with a blood meal, and can transmit both bacterial and viral pathogens such as the causative agents of Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis.

Description

In common with other species of Ixodes, I. ricinus has no eyes and is not ornate; it has no festoons (wrinkles along the posterior margin). The palpi are longer than they are wide, and there is an anal groove above the anus.^[1] It has a hard dorsal shield which covers the entire opisthosoma (abdomen), but only part of it in females and nymphs.^[2] I. ricinus is the largest of the three common species of Ixodes in the British Isles (the other two being I. canisuga, the "British dog tick", and I. trianguliceps, the "vole tick"). Adult males are 2.4–2.8 millimetres (0.09–0.11 in) long, and unfed nymphs are 1.3–1.5 mm (0.05–0.06 in) long; females are 3.0–3.6 mm (0.12–0.14 in) long before feeding and 11 millimetres (0.43 in) long when engorged.^[3]

Distribution

Ixodes ricinus is found across Europe and into neighbouring parts of North Africa and the Middle East, extending as far north as Iceland and as far east as parts of Russia.^[3] Its northern limit seems to be determined by environmental factors, including temperature, since a series of mild winters in Scandinavia coincided with an expansion northwards in the range of I. ricinus.^[4]

I. ricinus is most frequent in habitats where its hosts are plentiful, including woodlands, heaths and forests.^[3] It is most prevalent in relatively humid areas, and is absent from much of the Mediterranean Region where summers are dry.^[5]

Life cycle

Ixodes ricinus has a three-host life cycle, which usually takes 2–3 years to complete, although it can take from 1 to 6 years in extreme cases.^[3] Adults feed on large mammals such as sheep, cattle, dogs, deer, humans and horses for 6–13 days, before dropping off. An engorged female will lay several thousand eggs and subsequently die.^[3] The larvae that hatch do not actively seek a host, and usually feed on insectivores (orders Erinaceomorpha and Soricomorpha), although they may also find rodents, rabbits, birds, reptiles or bats.^[3]^[6] They feed for 3–5 days before dropping off and moulting. The resulting nymphs then ascend grasses or twigs to seek their next host, but must return to the moist microclimate at the soil surface if they become dehydrated.^[7] The nymphs feed on small to medium-sized mammals.^[5]

Disease transmission

A number of tick-borne diseases can be transmitted by I. ricinus to a variety of mammal hosts.^[3] Dogs can be infected with Lyme disease (borreliosis), caused by the spirochaete bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzeli and B. garnii. Cattle can become infected with redwater fever (from the protozoans Babesia divergens, B. bovis and B. ovis), Lyme disease (from Borrelia burgdorferi), sheep tick pyemia (Staphylococcus aureus), cattle tick-borne fever (Anaplasma phagocytophila), Q fever (Coxiella burnetii), Boutonneuse fever (Rickettsia conorii) and the bacterium Anaplasma marginale. Horses may be infected with Lyme disease, Anaplasma phagocytophila, and the viral infection "louping ill". Humans can become infected with Lyme disease, louping ill, Q fever and tick-borne encephalitis.^[3]

Taxonomic history

The scientific name of the castor bean tick dates back to the starting point of zoological nomenclature, the 1758 tenth edition of Carl Linnaeus' Systema Naturae, where it appeared as Acarus ricinus. Pierre André Latreille split the new genus Ixodes from Linnaeus' Acarus (which at that time contained all known ticks and mites), and I. ricinus was chosen as the type species.^[8] It has subsequently been redescribed under a number of junior synonyms and subsequent combinations into different genera; these synonyms include Acarus ricinoides, Cynorhaestes reduvius, Cynorhaestes ricinus, Ixodes megathyreus, Ixodes bipunctatus, Cynorhaestes hermanni, Crotonus ricinus, Ixodes trabeatus, Ixodes plumbeus, Ixodes reduvius, Ixodes pustularum, Ixodes fodiens, Ixodes rufus, Ixodes sulcatus and Ixodes sciuri.^[9]

References

^ Frank L. Ruedisueli & Brigitte Manship. "Ixodes". University of Lincoln. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
^ Jaime Samour (2000). "Ticks". Avian medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 223–224. ISBN 978-0-7234-2960-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Frank L. Ruedisueli & Brigitte Manship. "Background information: Ixodes ricinus". University of Lincoln. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
^ Elisabet Lindgren, Lars Tälleklint & Thomas Polfeldt (2000). "Impact of climatic change on the northern latitude limit and population density of the disease-transmitting European tick Ixodes ricinus". Environmental Health Perspectives 108 (2): 119–123. doi:10.2307/3454509. JSTOR 3454509. PMC 1637900. PMID 10656851.
^ ^a ^b "Ixodes ricinus: European Castor Bean Tick, Castor Bean Tick, Sheep Tick" (PDF). Iowa State University. September 2009.
^ Mikula, P., Hromada, M., Koleničová, A., Pjenčák, P., Fulín, M., Olekšák, M., 2011. Prevalence of Ticks of birds in Slovak Karst. Folia oecologica presoviensis 5(4): 56-64.
^ John L. Capinera (2008). "Ticks (Acari: Ixodida)". Encyclopedia of Entomology 3 (2nd ed.). Springer. pp. 3733–3802. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.
^ Glen M. Kohls (1957). "Acarina: Ixodoidea" (PDF). Insects of Micronesia 3 (3): 85–104.
^ Edward Galton Wheler (1906). "British ticks". The Journal of Agricultural Science 1 (04): 400–429. doi:10.1017/S0021859600000447.

External links

Media related to Ixodes ricinus at Wikimedia Commons

UpToDate Contents

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2. ライム病の疫学 epidemiology of lyme disease
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English Journal

Prevalence and diversity of human pathogenic rickettsiae in urban versus rural habitats, Hungary.

Szekeres S1, Docters van Leeuwen A2, Rigó K1, Jablonszky M1, Majoros G1, Sprong H2, Földvári G3.
Experimental & applied acarology.Exp Appl Acarol.2016 Feb;68(2):223-6. doi: 10.1007/s10493-015-9989-x. Epub 2015 Nov 28.
Tick-borne rickettsioses belong to the important emerging infectious diseases worldwide. We investigated the potential human exposure to rickettsiae by determining their presence in questing ticks collected in an urban park of Budapest and a popular hunting and recreational forest area in southern H
PMID 26613759

Infections and mixed infections with the selected species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in eastern Poland: a significant increase in the course of 5 years.

Wójcik-Fatla A1, Zając V2, Sawczyn A2, Sroka J2,3, Cisak E2, Dutkiewicz J2.
Experimental & applied acarology.Exp Appl Acarol.2016 Feb;68(2):197-212. doi: 10.1007/s10493-015-9990-4. Epub 2015 Nov 21.
In the years 2008-2009 and 2013-2014, 1620 and 1500 questing Ixodes ricinus ticks, respectively, were examined on the territory of the Lublin province (eastern Poland). The presence of three pathogenic species causing Lyme disease was investigated: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii and
PMID 26590929

Molecular detection of emerging tick-borne pathogens in Vojvodina, Serbia.

Potkonjak A1, Gutiérrez R2, Savić S3, Vračar V4, Nachum-Biala Y2, Jurišić A5, Kleinerman G2, Rojas A2, Petrović A5, Baneth G2, Harrus S2.
Ticks and tick-borne diseases.Ticks Tick Borne Dis.2016 Feb;7(1):199-203. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.10.007. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
Ticks play an important role in disease transmission globally due to their capability to serve as vectors for human and animal pathogens. The Republic of Serbia is an endemic area for a large number of tick-borne diseases. However, current knowledge on these diseases in Serbia is limited. The aim of
PMID 26565929

Japanese Journal

Retrospective Study of Hemoparasites in Cattle in Southern Italy by Reverse Line Blot Hybridization

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 76(6), 869-875, 2014
NAID 130003391299

A novel approach, based on BLSOMs (Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps), to the microbiome analysis of ticks

The ISME Journal 7(5), 1003-1015, 2013-03
NAID 120005323598

Multilocus Sequence Typing and DNA Similarity Analysis Implicates that a Borrelia valaisiana–related sp. Isolated in Japan is Distinguishable from European B. valaisiana

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75(9), 1201-1207, 2013
NAID 130003362209

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「Ixodidae」「Ixodes scapularis」「Ixodes persulcatus」「black-legged tick」「Ixodes dammini」
関連記事	「Ixodes」「Ricinus」

「Ixodidae」

External identifiers for Ixodes ricinus
Encyclopedia of Life	514939
NCBI	34613
	Also found in: Wikispecies

Ixodes ricinus
	Ixodes ricinus complete view (starved)
	Close-up view (engorged)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Subclass:	Acari
Order:	Ixodida
Family:	Ixodidae
Genus:	Ixodes
Species:	I. ricinus
Binomial name
	Ixodes ricinus; (Linnaeus, 1758)
	Range of I. ricinus (marked in red) in western Eurasia and North Africa

　　[★]

マダニ科

ダニ科

関: black-legged tick、deer tick、hard tick、Ixodes、Ixodes dammini、Ixodes persulcatus、Ixodes ricinus、Ixodes scapularis

「Ixodes scapularis」

　　[★]

クロアシマダニ、シカダニ

関: black-legged tick、deer tick、hard tick、Ixodes、Ixodes dammini、Ixodes persulcatus、Ixodes ricinus、Ixodidae

「Ixodes persulcatus」

　　[★]

シュルツェマダニ

関: black-legged tick、deer tick、hard tick、Ixodes、Ixodes dammini、Ixodes ricinus、Ixodes scapularis、Ixodidae

「black-legged tick」

　　[★]

クロアシマダニ

関: deer tick、hard tick、Ixodes、Ixodes dammini、Ixodes persulcatus、Ixodes ricinus、Ixodes scapularis、Ixodidae

「Ixodes dammini」

　　[★]

シカダニ

関: black-legged tick、deer tick、hard tick、Ixodes、Ixodes persulcatus、Ixodes ricinus、Ixodes scapularis、Ixodidae

「Ixodes」

　　[★]

マダニ属、イクソデス属、Ixodes属

関: black-legged tick、deer tick、hard tick、Ixodes dammini、Ixodes persulcatus、Ixodes ricinus、Ixodes scapularis、Ixodidae

「Ricinus」

　　[★]

トウゴマ属、リシヌス属、Ricinus属

関: castor bean

[1] Frank L. Ruedisueli & Brigitte Manship. "Ixodes". University of Lincoln. Retrieved July 22, 2010.

[2] Jaime Samour (2000). "Ticks". Avian medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 223–224. ISBN 978-0-7234-2960-9.

[Lincoln-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Frank L. Ruedisueli & Brigitte Manship. "Background information: Ixodes ricinus". University of Lincoln. Retrieved July 22, 2010.

[4] Elisabet Lindgren, Lars Tälleklint & Thomas Polfeldt (2000). "Impact of climatic change on the northern latitude limit and population density of the disease-transmitting European tick Ixodes ricinus". Environmental Health Perspectives 108 (2): 119–123. doi:10.2307/3454509. JSTOR 3454509. PMC 1637900. PMID 10656851.

[Iowa-5] "Ixodes ricinus: European Castor Bean Tick, Castor Bean Tick, Sheep Tick" (PDF). Iowa State University. September 2009.

[6] Mikula, P., Hromada, M., Koleničová, A., Pjenčák, P., Fulín, M., Olekšák, M., 2011. Prevalence of Ticks of birds in Slovak Karst. Folia oecologica presoviensis 5(4): 56-64.

[7] John L. Capinera (2008). "Ticks (Acari: Ixodida)". Encyclopedia of Entomology 3 (2nd ed.). Springer. pp. 3733–3802. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.

[8] Glen M. Kohls (1957). "Acarina: Ixodoidea" (PDF). Insects of Micronesia 3 (3): 85–104.

[9] Edward Galton Wheler (1906). "British ticks". The Journal of Agricultural Science 1 (04): 400–429. doi:10.1017/S0021859600000447.

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案内

Ixodes ricinus