WordNet

provide with an index; "index the book"
a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number
the finger next to the thumb (同)index_finger, forefinger
a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time (同)index_number, indicant, indicator
an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed
adjust through indexation; "The government indexes wages and prices"
list in an index
concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations; "international affairs"; "an international agreement"; "international waters"
any of several international socialist organizations

PrepTutorEJDIC

(本・雑誌などの)『索引』;図書目録 / 指し示すもの,印 / (計器などの)指針 / 指数・虜 / 《the I-》(カトック教会の)禁所目録 / 〈本など〉‘に'索引をつける / 〈語など〉‘を'索引に載せる
『国際的な』,国家間の,万国の / 国際関係の / 国際競技,国際試合 / 国際試合出場者
インターナショナル(19‐20世紀に結成された国際的な社会主義的労働者組織)
(病気の)予後の / きざしを示す,前兆の / (…の)きざし,前兆《+『of』+『名』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/24 15:23:25」(JST)

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The International Prognostic Index (IPI) is a clinical tool developed by oncologists to aid in predicting the prognosis of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Prior to 1993, when the IPI was developed, the primary consideration in assessing prognosis was the Ann Arbor stage alone, but this was increasingly found to be an inadequate means of predicting survival outcomes, and so other factors were studied.

A retrospective analysis was performed on 2031 patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, of all ages, treated with a doxorubicin-based chemotherapy regimen such as CHOP between 1982 and 1987.^[1] Several patient characteristics were analyzed to determine whether they were associated with differences in survival, and the factors that emerged as significant were, in addition to the Ann Arbor stage: age, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), performance status, and number of extranodal sites of disease.

International Prognostic Index[edit]

One point is assigned for each of the following risk factors:

Age greater than 60 years
Stage III or IV disease
Elevated serum LDH
ECOG/Zubrod performance status of 2, 3, or 4
More than 1 extranodal site

The sum of the points allotted correlates with the following risk groups:

Low risk (0-1 points) - 5-year survival of 73%
Low-intermediate risk (2 points) - 5-year survival of 51%
High-intermediate risk (3 points) - 5-year survival of 43%
High risk (4-5 points) - 5-year survival of 26%

Age-Adjusted IPI[edit]

A simplified index can be used when comparing patients within an age group (i.e. 60 or younger, or over 60) and includes only 3 of the above factors:

Stage
LDH
Performance status

The sum of the points allotted correlates with the following risk groups:

Low risk (0 points) - 5-year survival of 83%
Low-intermediate risk (1 point) - 5-year survival of 69%
High-intermediate risk (2 points) - 5-year survival of 46%
High risk (3 points) - 5-year survival of 32%

Although the IPI has shown itself to be a useful clinical tool, widely used by oncologists and a mainstay of risk stratification in clinical trials for lymphoma, it should be kept in mind that it was developed prior to the use of rituximab, which is now included with anthracycline-based combination chemotherapy as of the standard of care in B-cell lymphomas (the majority of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas). Rituximab has dramatically improved the outcomes of lymphoma patients, and its effect on the prognostic value of the IPI is uncertain.

Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI)[edit]

Given the success of the IPI for intermediate grade lymphomas, an effort was undertaken to develop a similar prognostic index for the most common low-grade lymphoma, follicular lymphoma. The prognostic factors that emerged from this were: age, stage, number of lymph node areas involved, serum hemoglobin level, and serum LDH.^[2]

One point is assigned for each of the following adverse prognostic factors:

Age greater than 60 years
Stage III or IV disease
Greater than 4 lymph node groups involved
Serum hemoglobin less than 12 g/dL
Elevated serum LDH

The sum of the points allotted correlates with the following risk groups:

Low risk (0-1 points) - 5 and 10-year survivals of 91% and 71%, respectively
Intermediate risk (2 points) - 5 and 10-year survivals of 78% and 51%, respectively
High risk (3-5 points) - 5 and 10-year survivals of 53% and 36%, respectively

Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI)[edit]

An effort was more recently undertaken to identify a similar prognostic index predictive of outcome in advanced mantle cell lymphoma. There were four factors found to have independent prognostic relevance: age, performance status, LDH, and white blood cell count (WBC).^[3]

The point values are assigned as follows:

0 points: Age less than 50 years, ECOG performance status of 0-1, LDH less than 0.67 of the upper limit of normal, or WBC of less than 6,700 cells/mcl
1 point: Age 50-59, LDH 0.67-0.99 of the upper limit of normal, or WBC 6,700 to 9,999 cells/mcl
2 points: Age 60-69, ECOG performance status of 2-4, LDH 1-1.49 times the upper limit of normal, or WBC 10,000-14,000 cells/mcl
3 points: Age 70 or greater, LDH 1.5 times the upper limit of normal or greater, and WBC of 15,000 cells/mcl or greater

The sum of the allotted points correlates with the following risk groups:

Low risk (0-3 points) - median survival not yet reached
Intermediate risk (4-5 points) - median survival of 51 months
High risk (6-11 points) - median survival of 29 months

References[edit]

^ A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project. N Engl J Med 1993;329(14):987-94
^ Solal-Céligny et al. Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index. Blood 2004;104(5):1258-1265.
^ Hoster et al. A new prognostic index (MIPI) for patients with advanced-stage mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 2008;111(2):558-565.

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