WordNet

a prediction of the course of a disease (同)prospect, medical prognosis
a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop (同)forecast

PrepTutorEJDIC

(病気の)予後の / きざしを示す,前兆の / (…の)きざし,前兆《+『of』+『名』》
(病気の)予後(経過および結果の見通し) / (一般に)予知,予測
(…の)『結果』,成り行き(result)《+『of』+『名』》
…‘の'『見通し』,見込み《+『for』+『名』》 / (…についての)見解,見地《+『on』+『名』》 / (…の)『展望』,ながめ,景色《+『on』(『over』)+『名』》
(…の)予知,予測,前兆,徴侯《+『of』+『名』》;(…という)前兆《+『that節』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/17 16:58:33」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Prognosis (disambiguation).

Prognosis (Greek πρόγνωση - literally fore-knowing, foreseeing) is a medical term for predicting the likely outcome of one's current standing. When applied to large statistical populations, prognostic estimates can be very accurate: for example the statement "45% of patients with severe septic shock will die within 28 days" can be made with some confidence, because previous research found that this proportion of patients died. However, it is much harder to translate this into a prognosis for an individual patient: additional information is needed to determine whether a patient belongs to the 45% who will succumb, or to the 55% who survive.^[1]

A complete prognosis includes the expected duration, the function, and a description of the course of the disease, such as progressive decline, intermittent crisis, or sudden, unpredictable crisis.

Methodology[edit]

Disease and prognostic indicators[edit]

Prognostic scoring is also used for cancer outcome predictions. A Manchester score is an indicator of prognosis in small-cell lung cancer. For Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, physicians have developed the International Prognostic Index to predict patient outcome.

Other medical areas where prognostic indicators are used is in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) (Hy's law) and use of an exercise stress test as a prognostic indicator after myocardial infarction.

End of life[edit]

Medical studies have demonstrated that most doctors are overly optimistic when giving prognostic information, that is, they tend to overstate how long a patient might live. For patients who are critically ill, particularly those in an intensive care unit, there are numerical prognostic scoring systems that are more accurate. The most famous of these is the APACHE II scale. However, this scale is most accurate when applied in the seven days prior to a patient's predicted death.

Knowing the prognosis helps determine whether it makes more sense to attempt certain treatments or to withhold them, and thus plays an important role in end-of-life decisions.

Estimator[edit]

Estimators that are commonly used to describe prognoses include:

Progression-free survival - the length of time during and after medication or treatment during which the disease being treated (usually cancer) does not get worse.
Survival rate - indicating the percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are alive for a given period of time after diagnosis.
Survival time - the remaining duration of life. If not otherwise specified, it generally starts from the time of diagnosis.

History[edit]

For 19th century physicians, particularly those following the French school of medicine, the main aim of medicine was not to cure disease, but rather to give a medical diagnosis and achieve a satisfying prognosis of the patient's chances. Only several decades later did the focus of efforts in Western medicine shift to curing disease.

References[edit]

^ Gould, SJ, http://www.prognosis.org/what_does_it_mean.php, retrieved 2009-01-07 Missing or empty |title= (help)

External links[edit]

Computer models at prognosis.org

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 大腸癌の病理および予後決定因子 pathology and prognostic determinants of colorectal cancer
2. 皮膚黒色腫におけるtumor node metastasis（TNM）病期分類法およびその他の予後因子 tumor node metastasis tnm staging system and other prognostic factors in cutaneous melanoma
3. 腎細胞癌患者における予後因子 prognostic factors in patients with renal cell carcinoma
4. Prognostic and predictive factors in metastatic breast cancer
5. 限局性初期乳癌における予後予測因子 prognostic and predictive factors in early non metastatic breast cancer

English Journal

Label-free impedimetric immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of cancer marker Murine double minute 2 in brain tissue.

Elshafey R, Tlili C, Abulrob A, Tavares AC, Zourob M.SourceINRS Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, QC, Canada, J3X 1S2.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2013 Jan 15;39(1):220-5. Epub 2012 Aug 3.
The detection of cancer biomarkers is as important tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer such as brain cancer. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) has been widely studied as prognostic marker for brain tumor. Here we describe development of a new sensitive label free impedimetric immunosensor for
PMID 22898660

Clinical, transcranial Doppler ultrasound, radiological features and, prognostic significance of delayed cerebral ischemia.

Wong GK, Poon WS.SourceDivision of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China, georgewong@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk.
Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.Acta Neurochir Suppl.2013;115:9-11.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the profiles and prognostic values of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and delayed cerebral infarction. Methods: IMASH (Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage) was registered at http://www.strokecenter.or
PMID 22890635