WordNet

(microscopy) a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible
color for microscopic study; "The laboratory worker dyed the specimen"
color with a liquid dye or tint; "Stain this table a beautiful walnut color"; "people knew how to stain glass a beautiful blue in the middle ages"
produce or leave stains; "Red wine stains the table cloth"
a soiled or discolored appearance; "the wine left a dark stain" (同)discoloration, discolouration
the 5th letter of the Hebrew alphabet
the 8th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)h
marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter; "a badly stained tablecloth"; "tear-stained cheeks"
having a coating of stain or varnish (同)varnished
the act of spotting or staining something (同)spotting, maculation
(histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…で)…‘を'『汚す』,‘に'しみをつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈ガラス・木材・布など〉‘に'『着色する』 / (…で)〈人格・名声など〉‘を'汚す,‘に'傷をつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 汚れる,しみがつく / 〈C〉〈U〉(…についた)『しみ』,汚れ《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉着色剤,染料 / 〈C〉(人格・名声などに対する)汚点,傷《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
彼は,彼が / 《指す人の性別が分からないか,または分かる必要のない場合に》その人,あの人,自分 / 《he who(that)の形で》《文》…するものはだれでも / (動物の)おす(雄)
鬼ごっこ(tag,tick,tig)
hydrogenの化学記号
鉛筆の硬度 / 《俗》heroin

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/15 04:02:50」(JST)

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Histologic specimen of human lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin

Black & White photograph of a histologic specimen of bird lung infested by Toxoplasma gondii, stained with hematoxylin and eosin

Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain or HE stain) is one of the principal stains in histology. It is the most widely used stain in medical diagnosis and is often the gold standard; for example when a pathologist looks at a biopsy of a suspected cancer, the histological section is likely to be stained with H&E and termed "H&E section", "H+E section", or "HE section".

The staining method involves application of hemalum, a complex formed from aluminum ions and hematein (an oxidation product of haematoxylin). Hemalum colors nuclei of cells (and a few other objects, such as keratohyalin granules and calcified material) blue. The nuclear staining is followed by counterstaining with an aqueous or alcoholic solution of eosin Y, which colors eosinophilic structures in various shades of red, pink and orange. A mnemonic often used to remember the coloring process is Acidic Attaches Acidophilic Applying Auburn and Basic Binds Basophilic Becoming Blue.

The staining of nuclei by hemalum is ordinarily due to binding of the dye-metal complex to DNA, but nuclear staining can be obtained after extraction of DNA from tissue sections. The mechanism is different from that of nuclear staining by basic (cationic) dyes such as thionine or toluidine blue. Staining by basic dyes occurs only from solutions that are less acidic than hemalum, and it is prevented by prior chemical or enzymatic extraction of nucleic acids. There is evidence to indicate that coordinate bonds, similar to those that hold aluminum and hematein together, bind the hemalum complex to DNA and to carboxy groups of proteins in the nuclear chromatin.

The eosinophilic structures are generally composed of intracellular or extracellular protein. The Lewy bodies and Mallory bodies are examples of eosinophilic structures. Most of the cytoplasm is eosinophilic. Red blood cells are stained intensely red.

The structures do not have to be acidic or basic to be called basophilic and eosinophilic; the terminology is based on the affinity of cellular components for the dyes. Other colors, e.g. yellow and brown, can be present in the sample; they are caused by intrinsic pigments, e.g. melanin. Some structures do not stain well. Basal laminae need to be stained by PAS stain or some silver stains, if they have to be well visible. Reticular fibers also require silver stain. Hydrophobic structures also tend to remain clear; these are usually rich in fats, e.g. adipocytes, myelin around neuron axons, and Golgi apparatus membranes.

Overview

Hematoxylin is a dark blue or violet stain that is basic/positive. It binds to basophilic substances (such DNA/RNA - which are acidic and negatively charged).
- DNA/RNA in the nucleus, and RNA in ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are both acidic because the nucleic acid building blocks that come off the phosphate backbone are negatively charged. These form salts with basic dyes containing positive charges. Therefore, dyes like hematoxylin will bind to them and stain them violet.

Eosin is a red or pink stain that is Acidic / Negative. It binds to acidophilic substances (such as proteins - which are basic and positively charged).
- Most proteins in the cytoplasm are basic because they are positively charged due to the arginine and lysine amino acid residues. These form salts with acid dyes containing negative charges, like eosin. Therefore, eosin binds to these amino acids/proteins and stains them pink. This includes cytoplasmic filaments in muscle cells, intracellular membranes, and extracellular fibers.

References

Godwin Avwioro (2011). Histochemical Uses Of Haematoxylin - A Review. JPCS 1:24-34. PDF
Baker JR (1962) Experiments on the action of mordants. 2. Aluminium-haematein. Quart. J. Microsc. Sci. 103: 493-517.
Kiernan JA (2008) Histological and Histochemical Methods: Theory and Practice. 4th ed. Bloxham, UK: Scion.
Lillie RD, Pizzolato P, Donaldson PT (1976) Nuclear stains with soluble metachrome mordant lake dyes. The effect of chemical endgroup blocking reactions and the artificial introduction of acid groups into tissues. Histochemistry 49: 23-35.
Llewellyn BD (2009) Nuclear staining with alum-hematoxylin. Biotech. Histochem. 84: 159-177.
Marshall PN, Horobin RW (1973) The mechanism of action of "mordant" des - a study using preformed metal complexes. Histochemie 35: 361-371.
Puchtler H, Meloan SN, Waldrop FS (1986) Application of current chemical concepts to metal-haematein and -brazilein stains. Histochemistry 85: 353-364.

External links

SIGMA-ALDRICH H&E Informational Primer^{[dead link]}

Protocol

Routine Mayer's Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain (H&E)
Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) Staining Protocol
Rosen Lab, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine) Step by step protocol^{[dead link]}

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Bio-inspired self-cleaning PAAS hydrogel released coating for marine antifouling.

Xue L1, Lu X2, Wei H2, Long P2, Xu J2, Zheng Y3.Author information 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yi-He-Yuan Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100871, PR China; Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Nantong Street, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China. Electronic address: xuelili@hrbeu.edu.cn.2Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Nantong Street, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China.3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yi-He-Yuan Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100871, PR China; Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Nantong Street, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China.AbstractIn this paper, an antifouling hydrogel coating of slippery hydrogel-released hydrous surface (SHRHS) with the self-cleaning ability of oil-resistance and self-regeneration characters was designed. A physical blending method of loading Sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) powder into the organic silicon resin was employed to prepare the SHRHS coating. The oil-resistance of the intact and scratch SHRHS coatings was performed by time-sequence images of washing dyed beef tallow stain away. The results showed that the SHRHS coating has the greater ability of stain removal. The concentration of Na(+) ions released from PAAS hydrogel on the surface of the SHRHS coating was investigated by ion chromatograph (IC). The results revealed that the coating had the ability of self-regeneration by PAAS hydrogel continuously peeling. The biomass of two marine microalgae species, Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima and Navicula climacospheniae Booth attached on the SHRHS was investigated using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the microalgaes attached a significantly lower numbers on the SHRHS in comparison with the organic silicon coating. In order to confirm the antifouling ability of the SHRHS coating, the field trials were carried out for 12weeks. It showed that the SHRHS may provide an effective attachment resistance to reduce biofouling.
Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2014 May 1;421:178-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.12.063. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
In this paper, an antifouling hydrogel coating of slippery hydrogel-released hydrous surface (SHRHS) with the self-cleaning ability of oil-resistance and self-regeneration characters was designed. A physical blending method of loading Sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) powder into the organic silicon resin
PMID 24594048

Fast Imaging of Eccrine Latent Fingerprints with Nontoxic Mn-Doped ZnS QDs.

Xu C1, Zhou R, He W, Wu L, Wu P, Hou X.Author information 1Analytical & Testing Center, and ‡Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China.AbstractFingerprints are unique characteristics of an individual, and their imaging and recognition is a top-priority task in forensic science. Fast LFP (latent fingerprint) acquirement can greatly help policemen in screening the potential criminal scenes and capturing fingerprint clues. Of the two major latent fingerprints (LFP), eccrine is expected to be more representative than sebaceous in LFP identification. Here we explored the heavy metal-free Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as a new imaging moiety for eccrine LFPs. To study the effects of different ligands on the LFP image quality, we prepared Mn-doped ZnS QDs with various surface-capping ligands using QDs synthesized in high-temperature organic media as starting material. The orange fluorescence emission from Mn-doped ZnS QDs clearly revealed the optical images of eccrine LFPs. Interestingly, N-acetyl-cysteine-capped Mn-doped ZnS QDs could stain the eccrine LFPs in as fast as 5 s. Meanwhile, the levels 2 and 3 substructures of the fingerprints could also be simultaneously and clearly identified. While in the absence of QDs or without rubbing and stamping the finger onto foil, no fluorescent fingerprint images could be visualized. Besides fresh fingerprint, aged (5, 10, and 50 days), incomplete eccrine LFPs could also be successfully stained with N-acetyl-cysteine-capped Mn-doped ZnS QDs, demonstrating the analytical potential of this method in real world applications. The method was also robust for imaging of eccrine LFPs on a series of nonporous surfaces, such as aluminum foil, compact discs, glass, and black plastic bags.
Analytical chemistry.Anal Chem.2014 Mar 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Fingerprints are unique characteristics of an individual, and their imaging and recognition is a top-priority task in forensic science. Fast LFP (latent fingerprint) acquirement can greatly help policemen in screening the potential criminal scenes and capturing fingerprint clues. Of the two major la
PMID 24592864

Histopathological effects of different therapy strategies in experimental sinus thrombosis.

Stolz E1, Fett A, Wessels C.Author information 1Department of Neurology, Caritasklinikum Saarbruecken, St. Theresia, Rheinstrasse 2, 66113, Saarbruecken, Germany, erwin.stolz@neuro.med.uni-giessen.de.AbstractThe optimal treatment for cerebral venous thrombosis is still under debate. The histological consequences of different treatments have not been systematically studied and may be of value in this debate. Thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus was induced in rats by topical application of ferric chloride. Animals were treated 6 h after operation with subcutaneous injection of 450 IU/kg enoxaparin twice daily (n = 10), with 10 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)/kg (n = 12), and with 6 mg abciximab/kg (n = 10). Eleven animals were treated with saline (controls), and four animals were sham-operated without thrombosis induction. Animals were killed on day 7. Coronal brain slices were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and factor VIII. Histology was quantified in parasagittal and temporal regions of interest. Compared with controls, counts of pyknotic neurons on HE stain were significantly lower in the enoxaparin group. Counts for GFAP-expressing astrocytes were highest in the enoxaparin (p < 0.001) and rt-PA (p < 0.05)-treated groups. Angiogenesis defined as factor VIII-expressing vessels was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the enoxaparin and significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the rt-PA group compared with controls. In this animal model, we found histological differences related to the different treatments, which cannot be explained by recanalization and its speed alone.
Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology.Neurol Sci.2014 Mar 14. [Epub ahead of print]
The optimal treatment for cerebral venous thrombosis is still under debate. The histological consequences of different treatments have not been systematically studied and may be of value in this debate. Thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus was induced in rats by topical application of ferric ch
PMID 24627228

Japanese Journal

急速に進行した膵Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasmの1例

山口厚,飯尾澄夫,壺井章克,山下賢,森豪,保田和毅,山口敏紀,桑井寿雄,河野博孝,倉岡和矢,谷山清己,有廣光司,高野弘嗣
膵臓 30(2), 233-242, 2015
症例は，63歳男性．2010年5月，急激な上腹部痛にて救急搬送された．CTにて，膵体部に50mm大の低濃度腫瘤を認めた．MRCP，EUS，USにて，腫瘍内に出血とのう胞成分を認めた．肝転移巣から腫瘍生検を行い，H.E染色にてSolid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm（SPN）が疑われた．免疫染色にてCD10強陽性，Vimentin陽性，Chromogranin A陰性などからSP …
NAID 130005068120

16年後に再発したハンセン病：浸潤性紅斑が全身に多発した滞日ブラジル人

岩田昌史,松村由美,尾崎元昭,中永和枝,星野仁彦,石井則久,宮地良樹
皮膚の科学 13(6), 426-430, 2014
49歳，男性。滞日ブラジル人。16年前にハンセン病としてブラジルで12ヶ月間の治療を受け治癒とみなされ，10年前からは日本に滞在している。2ヶ月前から顔面，体幹，四肢に知覚低下を伴う浸潤性紅斑が多発し，組織学的には組織球の一様な浸潤と肉芽腫形成，抗酸菌が認められた。ハンセン病（Ridley-Jopling 分類の mid-borderline（BB）型）と診断して，日本のハンセン病治療指針に従って …
NAID 130005068501

孤立性外腸骨動脈瘤破裂の1 例

川崎正和,石橋義光,森本清貴,國重英之,井上望
日本血管外科学会雑誌 23(5), 855-859, 2014
要旨：孤立性外腸骨動脈真性瘤破裂は極めて稀な疾患で，過去に症例報告はほとんど見受けられない．今回この極めて稀な疾患に対して手術を施行し救命し得た症例を経験したので報告する．症例は53歳男性．突然左鼠径部から大腿部の激痛，しびれ感が出現し，当院救急外来へ搬送される．CT にて最大短径70 mm 大の左外腸骨動脈瘤破裂を認め，緊急で瘤切除および人工血管置換術を施行した．術後腸管運動の回復に時間を要した …
NAID 130004678809