WordNet

reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion; "positive increase in graduating students"
a film showing a photographic image whose tones correspond to those of the original subject
the primary form of an adjective or adverb; denotes a quality without qualification, comparison, or relation to increase or diminution (同)positive degree
indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen; "a positive pregnancy test" (同)confirming
having a positive charge; "protons are positive" (同)electropositive, positively charged
formally laid down or imposed; "positive laws" (同)prescribed
characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.; "a positive attitude"; "the reviews were all positive"; "a positive benefit"; "a positive demand"
greater than zero; "positive numbers"
Danish physician and bacteriologist who developed a method of staining bacteria to distinguish among them (1853-1938) (同)Hans C. J. Gram
a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram (同)gramme, gm, g

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『肯定した,同意の』 / 『実際的な,』積極的な,建設的な / 《補語にのみ用いて》『確信のある』,自信のある / (事が)疑問の余地がない,明確な;(言葉が)はっきりした / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》《話》全くの,文字どおりの / (生体の反応が)陽性の / (数が)正の,プラスの;(気電が)陽の;(写真で)陽画の / (形容詞・副詞の比較変化で)原級の / 明確(明白)なもの / (形容詞・副詞の)原級 / (写真の)陽画,ポジ / (数学で)正数

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/06 13:13:53」(JST)

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Staphylococcus bacteria

Coccus (plural cocci) can be used to describe any bacterium that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape.^[1] It is one of the three distinct bacterial shapes, the other two being bacillus (rod-shaped) and spiral-shaped cells.

Coccus is an English loanword of a Neolatin noun, which in turn stems from the Greek masculine noun kokkos (κόκκος) meaning "berry".^[2]

Arrangements

Cocci may occur as single cells or remain attached following cell division. Those that remain attached can be classified based on cellular arrangement:^[1]

Diplococci are pairs of cocci (e.g. Neisseria and Streptococcus pneumoniae)
Tetrads are clusters of four cocci arranged within the same plane (e.g. Micrococcus).
Sarcina refers to cuboidal arrangements of eight cocci (e.g. Sarcina).
Streptococci are chains of cocci (e.g. Streptococcus).
Staphylococci are irregular clusters of cocci (e.g. Staphylococcus).

References

^ ^a ^b Pommerville, J.C. (2013). Fundamentals of Microbiology (10th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. p. 106. ISBN 9781449647964.
^ κόκκος. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project

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1. 細菌検査室におけるグラム染色および培養結果に対するアプローチ approach to gram stain and culture results in the microbiology laboratory
2. 成人における黄色ブドウ球菌菌血症の治療 treatment of staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in adults
3. 合併症リスクの低い成人癌患者における発熱性好中球減少症候群の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of neutropenic fever syndromes in adult cancer patients at low risk for complications
4. 発熱性好中球減少症症候群の概要 overview of neutropenic fever syndromes
5. 腸球菌の微生物学 microbiology of enterococci

English Journal

The role of bacteriological studies in the management of peritonsillar abscess.

Tachibana T1, Orita Y2, Takao S3, Ogawara Y1, Matsuyama Y1, Shimizu A1, Abe-Fujisawa I4, Nakada M5, Sato Y6, Nishizaki K4.
Auris, nasus, larynx.Auris Nasus Larynx.2016 Dec;43(6):648-53. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2016.01.009. Epub 2016 Feb 6.
OBJECTIVE: Since most patients with peritonsillar abscess (PTA) can be successfully treated with surgical drainage and empirical antibiotic therapy, routine bacteriologic studies for all patients with PTA may be unnecessary. This study tried to evaluate which patients with PTA should certainly under
PMID 26860232

Predictors of survival in adults undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with severe infections.

Cheng A1, Sun HY2, Tsai MS3, Ko WJ4, Tsai PR5, Hu FC5, Chen YC2, Chang SC6.
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.2016 Dec;152(6):1526-1536.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.08.038. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
BACKGROUND: To identify novel factors associated with the survival of septic adults receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to improve patient selection and outcomes.METHODS: Cases were identified from our ECMO registry from 2001 to 2011 if they were ≥16 years and received ECMO for l
PMID 27692951

Gut bacteria and late-onset neonatal bloodstream infections in preterm infants.

Tarr PI1, Warner BB2.
Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine.Semin Fetal Neonatal Med.2016 Dec;21(6):388-393. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
Late-onset neonatal bloodstream infections remain challenges in neonatology. Hand hygiene, line care, and judicious use of indwelling lines are welcome interventions, but might not reduce the incidence of late-onset neonatal bloodstream infections from bacteria originating in the gut. Accumulating d
PMID 27345372

Japanese Journal

Isolation and Characterization of Anaerobic Bacteria for Symbiotic Recycling of Uric Acid Nitrogen in the Gut of Various Termites

THONG-ON ARUNEE,SUZUKI KATSUYUKI,NODA SATOKO [他],INOUE JUN-ICHI,KAJIWARA SUSUMU,OHKUMA MORIYA
Microbes and environments 27(2), 186-192, 2012-06-01
… Diverse anaerobic UA-degrading bacteria comprising 16 species were isolated from the gut of eight termite species, and were assigned to Clostridia, Enterobacteriaceae, and low G+C Gram-positive cocci. …
NAID 10030432075

Eikenella corrodens 感染症4症例の臨床細菌学的検討

正木孝幸,松本珠美
保健科学研究誌 9, 7-13, 2012-03-31
… Eikenella corrodens is a fastidious small Gram-negative bacilli belonging to the HACEKgroup (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacteriumhominus, Eikenella corrodens and Kingella spp.). … These gram-positive cocci were the most frequently detectedin coexistent with E. …
NAID 110009537006