WordNet

reckoned in a direction opposite to that regarded as positive; "negative interest rates"
a piece of photographic film showing an image with light and shade or colors reversed
a reply of denial; "he answered in the negative"
not indicating the presence of microorganisms or disease or a specific condition; "the HIV test was negative" (同)disconfirming
having a negative charge; "electrons are negative" (同)electronegative, negatively charged
characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features; "a negative outlook on life"; "a colorless negative personality"; "a negative evaluation"; "a negative reaction to an advertising campaign"
expressing or consisting of a negation or refusal or denial
having the quality of something harmful or unpleasant; "ran a negative campaign"; "delinquents retarded by their negative outlook on life"
less than zero; "a negative number"
Danish physician and bacteriologist who developed a method of staining bacteria to distinguish among them (1853-1938) (同)Hans C. J. Gram
transient presence of bacteria (or other microorganisms) in the blood (同)bacteriemia, bacteriaemia
a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram (同)gramme, gm, g

PrepTutorEJDIC

『否定の』,反対の / 『消極的な』,控えめの / 陰電気の;(数値が)負の,マイナスの(minus);(写真が)陰画の,ネガの;(医学検査結果が)陰性の / 『否定』,拒否,「いやだ」と言うこと / 否定語[句] / 《the~》(特に討論会の)反対者側,反対派 / (電気分解に用いる)陰極板 / (数値の)負数 / (写真の)陰画,ネガ / 《しばしば受動態に用いて》…‘に'反対投票をする / =negate

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人におけるグラム陰性桿菌菌血症 gram negative bacillary bacteremia in adults
2. 敗血症および全身性炎症反応症候群：定義、疫学、および予後 sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome definitions epidemiology and prognosis
3. 緑膿菌菌血症と心内膜炎 pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and endocarditis
4. 血管内カテーテル感染症治療 treatment of intravascular catheter related infections
5. 血管内カテーテル感染症の疫学、病因、および微生物学 epidemiology pathogenesis and microbiology of intravascular catheter infections

English Journal

Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of bacteremia following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 720 adult patients.

Piñana JL, Montesinos P, Martino R, Vazquez L, Rovira M, López J, Batlle M, Figuera A, Barba P, Lahuerta JJ, Debén G, Perez-Lopez C, García R, Rosique P, Lavilla E, Gascón A, Martínez-Cuadrón D, Sanz MA.Author information Clinical Research Unit, Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnico la Fe, Boulevard Sud, 46026, Valencia, Spain.AbstractBacteremia is the most frequent infectious complication during neutropenia in patients receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of bacteremia during the early period after ASCT. A total of 720 patients undergoing ASCT in two observational prospective consecutive multicenter studies of the Programa Español para el Tratamiento de las Hemopatías group were analyzed. Bacteremia occurred in 20 % of patients. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequent (66 %) among the gram-positive agents and Escherichia coli (49 %) among the gram-negative agents. Multivariate analysis showed that the length of neutropenia <1 × 10(9)/L (more than 9 days) [relative risk (RR) of 2.6, p < 0.001] was the sole risk factor for overall bacteremia. We identified the length of neutropenia <1 × 10(9)/L (more than 9 days) (RR 4.98, p < 0.001) and the use of prophylactic fluoroquinolones (RR 0.46, p < 0.01) as specific risk factors for gram-negative bacteremia. Risk factors for gram-positive bacteremia were the use of total parenteral nutrition (RR 1.92, p < 0.01) and deep neutropenia (<0.1 × 10(9)/L), with duration over 5 days (RR 1.67, p < 0.027). Bacteremia showed an increased morbidity with no impact on neither overall nor infectious related mortality. The identification of such risk factors may be helpful to implement prophylactic and therapeutic risk-adapted strategies to reduce the incidence of bacteremia in ASCT.
Annals of hematology.Ann Hematol.2014 Feb;93(2):299-307. doi: 10.1007/s00277-013-1872-4. Epub 2013 Sep 1.
Bacteremia is the most frequent infectious complication during neutropenia in patients receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of bacteremia during the early period after
PMID 23995612

Automated alerts coupled with antimicrobial stewardship intervention lead to decreases in length of stay in patients with gram-negative bacteremia.

Pogue JM, Mynatt RP, Marchaim D, Zhao JJ, Barr VO, Moshos J, Sunkara B, Chopra T, Chidurala S, Kaye KS.Author information Department of Pharmacy, Sinai-Grace Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.AbstractObjective. To assess the impact of active alerting of positive blood culture data coupled with stewardship intervention on time to appropriate therapy, length of stay, and mortality in patients with gram-negative bacteremia. Design. Quasi-experimental retrospective cohort study in patients with gram-negative bacteremia at the Detroit Medical Center from 2009 to 2011. Setting. Three hospitals (1 community, 2 academic) with active antimicrobial stewardship programs within the Detroit Medical Center. Patients. All patients with monomicrobial gram-negative bacteremia during the study period. Intervention. Active alerting of positive blood culture data coupled with stewardship intervention (2010-2011) compared with patients who received no formalized stewardship intervention (2009). Results. Active alerting and intervention led to a decreased time to appropriate therapy (8 [interquartile range (IQR), 2-24] vs 14 [IQR, 2-35] hours; [Formula: see text]) in patients with gram-negative bacteremia. After controlling for differences between groups, being in the intervention arm was associated with an independent reduction in length of stay (odds ratio [OR], 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62-0.86]), correlating to a median attributable decrease in length of stay of 2.2 days. Additionally, multivariate modeling of patients who were not on appropriate antimicrobial therapy at the time of initial culture positivity showed that patients in the intervention group had a significant reduction in both length of stay (OR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66-0.86]) and infection-related mortality (OR, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.08-0.76]). Conclusions. Active alerting coupled with stewardship intervention in patients with gram-negative bacteremia positively impacted time to appropriate therapy, length of stay, and mortality and should be a target of antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Infection control and hospital epidemiology : the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.2014 Feb;35(2):132-8. doi: 10.1086/674849. Epub 2013 Dec 24.
Objective. To assess the impact of active alerting of positive blood culture data coupled with stewardship intervention on time to appropriate therapy, length of stay, and mortality in patients with gram-negative bacteremia. Design. Quasi-experimental retrospective cohort study in patients with
PMID 24442074

Risk Factors and Outcomes for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteremia in the NICU.

Tsai MH, Chu SM, Hsu JF, Lien R, Huang HR, Chiang MC, Fu RH, Lee CW, Huang YC.Author information Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan;AbstractOBJECTIVES: To assess the risk factors antibiotic therapy and outcomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bacteremia in NICU patients.
Pediatrics.Pediatrics.2014 Feb;133(2):e322-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-1248. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk factors antibiotic therapy and outcomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bacteremia in NICU patients.METHODS: Episodes of MDR GNB bacteremia were compared with a non-MDR GNB bacteremia group in an 8-year cohort study.RESULTS: Of 1106 bacteremias
PMID 24420803

Japanese Journal

両側膿胸を伴うLemierre症候群の1例

日本集中治療医学会雑誌 23(1), 39-42, 2016
NAID 130005118681

Prospective intervention study with a microarray-based, multiplexed, automated molecular diagnosis instrument (Verigene system) for the rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections, and its impact on the clinical outcomes