Borrelia burgdorferi infection

ボレリア・ブルグドルフェリ感染

WordNet

1. (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
2. (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
3. the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
4. (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
5. moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
6. an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
7. cause of e.g. European and African relapsing fever

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/10 16:06:16」(JST)

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Francisella tularensis
F. tularensis colonies on an agar plate
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Spirochaetes
Order:	Spirochaetales
Family:	Spirochaetaceae
Genus:	Borrelia
Species:	B. burgdorferi
Binomial name
Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson et al. 1984 emend. Baranton et al. 1992

Main article: Lyme disease microbiology

Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterial species of the spirochete class of the genus Borrelia. B. burgdorferi exists in North America and Europe and is the predominant causative agent of Lyme disease. Borrelia species are considered diderm (double-membrane) bacteria rather than gram positive or negative.

Pathology

Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted by the Ixodes tick (also the vector for Babesia); the causative agent is named after the researcher Willy Burgdorfer, who first isolated the bacterium in 1982. B. burgdorferi is one of the few pathogenic bacteria that can survive without iron, having replaced all of its iron-sulfur cluster enzymes with enzymes that use manganese, thus avoiding the problem many pathogenic bacteria face in acquiring iron.

Clinical presentation of Lyme disease may include the characteristic bull's eye rash and erythema chronicum migrans (a rash which spreads peripherally and spares the central part), as well as myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, arthritis, arthralgia, meningitis, neuropathies and facial nerve palsy.

Characteristic "bull's eye" rash of Lyme disease

B. burgdorferi infections have been linked to non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Pathophysiology

Lyme disease, caused by "B. burdorferi from tick bites consist of 3 stages starting from initial bite. Stage 1: affects the area around the bite, there may be a rash or swelling. Stage 2 occurs weeks to months after, if still untreated the bacteria will be pushed further down into the body, it will start affecting the heart, bones, and nervous system. In Stage 3, occurs years after and you will develop chronic arthritis and neurological complications.

Morphology

B. burgdorferi has been described as a novel spirochete. It resembles other spirochetes in that it is a highly specialized, motile, two-membrane, spiral-shaped bacterium that lives primarily as an extracellular pathogen. While only 0.2 to 0.3 micrometers wide, the cell length may exceed 15 to 20 micrometers.

B. burgdorferi is an anaerobic, motile spirochete with 7-11 bundled perisplasmic flagella set at each end that allow the bacterium to move in low and high viscosity media alike, which is related to its high virulence factor.

Genetics

B. burgdorferi (B31 strain) was the third microbial genome ever sequenced, following the sequencing of both Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma genitalium in 1995, and its linear chromosome contains 910,725 base pairs and 853 genes. The sequencing method used was whole genome shotgun. The sequencing project, completed and published in Nature in 1997, was conducted at The Institute for Genomic Research.

See also

• Willy Burgdorfer
• Allen Steere
• Jorge Benach
• List of oncogenic bacteria
• Infectious causes of cancer

References

External links

• Video Interview, Eva Sapi, PhD on Borrelia Biofilms
• NCBI Borrelia Taxonomy Browser
• Borrelia burgdoferi B31 Genome Page

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人におけるライム病の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of lyme disease in adults
• 2. ライム病の治療 treatment of lyme disease
• 3. ライム病の診断 diagnosis of lyme disease
• 4. 神経系のライム病 nervous system lyme disease
• 5. ライム病の疫学 epidemiology of lyme disease

English Journal

• Diagnostic criteria of acute rheumatic fever.

• Burke RJ1, Chang C2.Author information 1Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States.2Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States. Electronic address: cchang@nemours.org.AbstractAcute rheumatic fever is an inflammatory sequela of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis that affects multiple organ systems. The incidence of acute rheumatic fever has been declining even before the use of antibiotics became widespread, however the disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly in developing countries and has been estimated to affect 19 per 100,000 children worldwide. Acute rheumatic fever is a clinical diagnosis, and therefore subject to the judgment of the clinician. Because of the variable presentation, the Jones criteria were first developed in 1944 to aid clinicians in the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. The Jones criteria have been modified throughout the years, most recently in 1992 to aid clinicians in the diagnosis of initial attacks of acute rheumatic fever and to minimize overdiagnosis of the disease. Diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever is based on the presence of documented preceding Group A Streptococcal infection, in addition to the presence of two major manifestations or one major and two minor manifestations of the Jones criteria. Without documentation of antecedent Group A Streptococcal infection, the diagnosis is much less likely except in a few rare scenarios. Carditis, polyarthritis and Sydenham's chorea are the most common major manifestations of acute rheumatic fever. However, despite the predominance of these major manifestations of acute rheumatic fever, there can be significant overlap with other disorders such as Lyme disease, serum sickness, drug reactions, and post-Streptococcal reactive arthritis. This overlap between disease processes has led to continued investigation of the pathophysiology as well as development of new biomarkers and laboratory studies to aid in the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever and distinction from other disease processes.
• Autoimmunity reviews.Autoimmun Rev.2014 April - May;13(4-5):503-507. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.036. Epub 2014 Jan 11.
• Acute rheumatic fever is an inflammatory sequela of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis that affects multiple organ systems. The incidence of acute rheumatic fever has been declining even before the use of antibiotics became widespread, however the disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and
• PMID 24424191

• Surveillance for Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Dirofilaria immitis in Dogs From Three Cities in Colombia.

• McCown ME, Monterroso VH, Cardona W.AbstractObjective: Emerging infectious and zoonotic diseases are made up in large proportion by vector-borne diseases (VBD). Dogs are parasitized by disease vectors such as ticks and mosquitoes, making dogs adequate reservoirs for zoonoses. Risk of exposure to VBD exists for the U.S. military personnel and Military Working Dogs (MWD) when deployed globally. The importance of canine VBD surveillance relates to veterinary and public health significance for the host nations as well as for the U.S. troops and MWDs. The objective of this work was to survey dogs from the cities of Medellin, Barranquilla, and Cartagena in Colombia to determine the prevalence of heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis), ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis), Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum). Methods: Canine (n = 498) blood samples (1? 3mL) were collected during July 2011 from Medellin (n = 175), Barranquilla (n = 223), and Cartagena (n = 100) and were tested on-site using IDEXX SNAP? 4Dx? Test Kits. Results: The overall combined sample prevalence of E. canis, A. phagocytophilum, D. immitis, and B. burgdorferi was 62%, 33%, 1.6%, and 0%, respectively. In Medellin, 26% of the samples were positive for E. canis, 12% for A. phagocytophilum, and 0% for D. immitis. In Barranquilla, sample prevalence for E. canis, A. phagocytophilum, and D. immitis was 83%, 40%, and 2%, respectively. In Cartagena, E. canis, A. phagocytophilum, and D. immitis prevalence was 80%, 51%, and 3%, respectively. Conclusion: E. canis and A. phagocytophilum are present in all three surveyed cities. There is a higher sample prevalence for E. canis and A. phagocytophilum than for D. immitis. In addition, the prevalence for these organisms is higher in Barranquilla and Cartagena than in Medellin. Overall, this study emphasizes the value of surveillance for VBDs in order to determine disease prevalence, develop risk assessments, and implement control measures.
• Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals.J Spec Oper Med.2014 Spring;14(1):86-90.
• Objective: Emerging infectious and zoonotic diseases are made up in large proportion by vector-borne diseases (VBD). Dogs are parasitized by disease vectors such as ticks and mosquitoes, making dogs adequate reservoirs for zoonoses. Risk of exposure to VBD exists for the U.S. military personnel and
• PMID 24604443

• Detection of borreliae in archived sera from patients with clinically suspect lyme disease.

• Lee SH1, Vigliotti JS2, Vigliotti VS3, Jones W4, Shearer DM5.Author information 1Department of Pathology, Milford Hospital, 300 Seaside Ave., Milford, CT 06460, USA. shlee01@snet.net.2Department of Pathology, Milford Hospital, 300 Seaside Ave., Milford, CT 06460, USA. jessvigs@yahoo.com.3Department of Pathology, Milford Hospital, 300 Seaside Ave., Milford, CT 06460, USA. ronnie313vig@yahoo.com.4Department of Pathology, Milford Hospital, 300 Seaside Ave., Milford, CT 06460, USA. will.jones@milfordhospital.org.5Therapeutic Research Foundation, Old Saybrook, CT 06475, USA. dshearer@tr-f.org.AbstractThe diagnoses of Lyme disease based on clinical manifestations, serological findings and detection of infectious agents often contradict each other. We tested 52 blind-coded serum samples, including 20 pre-treatment and 12 post-treatment sera from clinically suspect Lyme disease patients, for the presence of residual Lyme disease infectious agents, using nested PCR amplification of a signature segment of the borrelial 16S ribosomal RNA gene for detection and direct DNA sequencing of the PCR amplicon for molecular validation. These archived sera were split from the samples drawn for the 2-tier serology tests performed by a CDC-approved laboratory, and are used as reference materials for evaluating new diagnostic reagents. Of the 12 post-treatment serum samples, we found DNA evidence of a novel borrelia of uncertain significance in one, which was also positive for the 2-tier serology test. The rest of the post-treatment sera and all 20 control sera were PCR-negative. Of the 20 pre-treatment sera from clinically suspect early Lyme disease patients, we found Borrelia miyamotoi in one which was 2-tier serology-negative, and a Borrelia burgdorferi in two-one negative and one positive for 2-tier serology. We conclude that a sensitive and reliable DNA-based test is needed to support the diagnosis of Lyme disease and Lyme disease-like borreliosis.
• International journal of molecular sciences.Int J Mol Sci.2014 Mar 11;15(3):4284-98. doi: 10.3390/ijms15034284.
• The diagnoses of Lyme disease based on clinical manifestations, serological findings and detection of infectious agents often contradict each other. We tested 52 blind-coded serum samples, including 20 pre-treatment and 12 post-treatment sera from clinically suspect Lyme disease patients, for the pr
• PMID 24619223

Japanese Journal

• Molecular detection of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens from ticks collected from ruminants in four South African provinces

• MTSHALI Khethiwe,KHUMALO Zamantungwa T.H.,NAKAO Ryo,GRAB Dennis J.,SUGIMOTO Chihiro,THEKISOE Oriel M.M.
• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
• … With little to no information regarding the presence of tick-borne zoonotic pathogens or their known vectors in southern Africa, the aim of our study was to screen for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia species and Ehrlichia ruminantium in ticks collected and identified from ruminants in the Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa. …
• NAID 130005089968

• Epidemiological Features and Clinical Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis in Korea during the Period 2005–2012

• Moon Shinje,Hong Yeongseon,Hwang Kyu-Jam [他],Kim Suyeon,Eom Jihye,Kwon Donghyok,Park Ji-Hyuk,Youn Seung-Ki,Sohn Aeree
• Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 68(1), 1-4, 2015
• … Of the 16 identified patients with the disease, 11 had acquired autochthonous infection within Korea, while 5 patients were infected outside Korea. … The history of past exposure was investigated in 8 of the 11 patients with autochthonous infection; … 5 of these 8 patients (62.5%) were suspected to have acquired the infection in the northeastern alpine region. …
• NAID 130004757123

• Epidemiological Features and Clinical Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis in Korea, 2005–2012

• Moon Shinje,Hong Yeongseon,Hwang Kyu-Jam,Kim Suyeon,Eom Jihye,Kwon Donghyok,Park Ji-Hyuk,Youn Seung-Ki,Sohn Aeree
• Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2014
• … Of the 16 Lyme borreliosis patients identified, 11 patients had acquired autochthonous infection in Korea and 5 patients were infected outside Korea. … Past exposure histories were investigated in 8 of the 11 patients with autochthonous infection. … Clinically, 6 of 11 patients (54.5%) with autochthonous infection had early skin manifestations, 4 patients (36.4%) had neurologic manifestations, and one patient had acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. …
• NAID 130004716734

Related Links

• Borrelia Burgdorferi

What is Borrelia Burgdorferi. Treatment and Symptoms ... What is Borrelia Burgdorferi?

• Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi infection) | BC Centre for ...

Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi infection) Lyme disease takes its name from where it was first identified: Lyme, Connecticut. It is the most common tick-borne disease in North America. It can cause an immediate infection and in ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ボレリア・ブルグドルフェリ感染」
関連記事	「Borrelia burgdorferi」「infection」

「ボレリア・ブルグドルフェリ感染」

　　[★]

英

Borrelia burgdorferi infection

「Borrelia burgdorferi」

　　[★]

日

ボレリア・ブルグドルフェリ

ラ

Borrelia burgdorferi

同

ライム病ボレリア Lyme Borrelia

関

ライム病 Lyme disease、Lyme borreliosis、ライム病菌。細菌

• スピロヘーター科ボレリア属
• マダニの幼虫によって媒介され、ヒトにライム病を発症させる

「infection」

　　[★]

• n.

• 感染、伝染、感染症

関

contagion、infect、infectious disease、infestation、transmission、transmit