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1. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx [show details]
… Congenital anomalies of the pharynx are usually related to the second branchial pouch (at the site of the palatine tonsils) and the third and fourth branchial arches (recurrent abscesses in the neck) …
2. 上肢血行再建術の手術手技および血管内治療手技surgical and endovascular techniques for upper extremity revascularization [show details]
… perform embolectomy proximally to the aortic arch and distally to the palmar arch.… a horizontal incision is made in the sternum at the level of the third or fourth interspace and usually requires division of the mammary vessels.… from each side to meet in the midline behind the pharynx but superficial to the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine.…
3. 正常な加齢normal aging [show details]
… propulsive motility is reduced with age and about one-fourth of those over 65 years suffer from chronic constipation .… food clearance from the pharynx lead to increased aspiration risk in older adults. Additionally, protective aerodigestive reflexes in the pharynx stimulated by injecting… The frequency of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and its associated mutations reaches 50 percent in those over 90 .…
4. 消化管穿孔の概要overview of gastrointestinal tract perforation [show details]
… which is the part of the pharynx formed by the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricopharyngeus muscle.… ingestion usually occur at the narrow areas of the esophagus such as the cricopharyngeus muscle, aortic arch, left main stem bronchus, and lower esophageal sphincter. The stomach is located in the left upper … The jejunum is in continuity with the fourth portion of the duodenum beginning at the ligament…
5. 甲状腺の外科解剖学surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland [show details]
… The ventral portion of the fourth pharyngeal pouch will develop into the lateral thyroid lobes The pyramidal lobe,… during embryonic development of the aortic arches in which the fourth vascular arch and right dorsal aorta involute,…