WordNet
- a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
- (virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
- a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
- the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)b
- the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen (同)type_B, group B
- an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease (同)flu, grippe
PrepTutorEJDIC
- ビールス,ろ過性病原体
- インフルエンザ,流行性感冒
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/03 18:48:06」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Orthomyxoviridae |
| Virus classification |
| Group: |
Group V ((-)ssRNA) |
| Family: |
Orthomyxoviridae |
| Genera |
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Influenzavirus A
Influenzavirus B
Influenzavirus C
Isavirus
Thogotovirus
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Influenzavirus B is a genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. The only species in this genus is called "Influenza B virus".
Influenza B viruses are only known to infect humans and seals,[1] giving them influenza. This limited host range is apparently responsible for the lack of Influenzavirus B-caused influenza pandemics in contrast with those caused by the morphologically similar Influenzavirus A as both mutate by both antigenic drift and reassortment.[2][3][4]
Further diminishing the impact of this virus "in man, influenza B viruses evolve slower than A viruses and faster than C viruses".[5] Influenzavirus B mutates at a rate 2 to 3 times lower than type A.[6] However, influenza B mutates enough that lasting immunity is not possible. For example at the U.S.'s Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research's Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee's 101st meeting of February 16, 2005, an extensive discussion and vote was held concerning next year's flu vaccine virus selection including which influenza B strain to use in the formulation of the flu vaccine:
"For Influenza B, the question was asked: are there new strains present? And the answer was yes, and in 2004, the majority of the viruses were similar to a strain called B/Shanghai/361/2002, which is from the so-called B/Yamagata/1688 hemagglutinin lineage. That lineage was not the one that was being used in the vaccine that was current last year. In a minority of the strains that were found during the epidemiological studies were similar to the strain that was in the vaccine for last year, which was B/Hong Kong/330/2001, which belongs to the HA lineage that we represent with the strain B/Victoria/287. In answer to the question were these new viruses spreading, the answer, of course, is definitely yes. The Fujian-like viruses had become widespread around the world and were predominant everywhere, and these B/Shanghai-like strains at the time we were holding this meeting in February were predominant not only in North America and the United States, but also in Asia and Europe."[7]
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Contents
- 1 Morphology
- 2 Nucleic acid
- 3 References
- 4 External links
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Morphology
The Influenza B virus capsid is enveloped while its virion consists of an envelope, a matrix protein, a nucleoprotein complex, a nucleocapsid, and a polymerase complex. It is sometimes spherical and sometimes filamentous. Its 500 or so surface projections are made of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.[8]
Nucleic acid
The Influenza B virus genome is 14548 nucleotides long and consists of eight segments of linear negative-sense, single-stranded RNA. The multipartite genome is encapsidated, each segment in a separate nucleocapsid, and the nucleocapsids are surrounded by one envelope.[8]
References
Sources and notes
- ^ Osterhaus AD, Rimmelzwaan GF, Martina BE, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RA (2000). "Influenza B virus in seals". Science 288 (5468): 1051–3. doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1051. PMID 10807575.
- ^ Hay AJ, Gregory V, Douglas AR, Lin YP (2001). "The evolution of human influenza viruses". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 356 (1416): 1861–70. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0999. PMC 1088562. PMID 11779385. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1088562/.
- ^ Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Takashita E, Muraki Y, Hongo S, Katsushima N, Mizuta K, Nishimura H (2004). "Genetic diversity of influenza B virus: the frequent reassortment and cocirculation of the genetically distinct reassortant viruses in a community". J. Med. Virol. 74 (1): 132–40. doi:10.1002/jmv.20156. PMID 15258979.
- ^ Lindstrom SE, Hiromoto Y, Nishimura H, Saito T, Nerome R, Nerome K (1999). "Comparative Analysis of Evolutionary Mechanisms of the Hemagglutinin and Three Internal Protein Genes of Influenza B Virus: Multiple Cocirculating Lineages and Frequent Reassortment of the NP, M, and NS Genes". J. Virol. 73 (5): 4413–26. PMC 104222. PMID 10196339. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC104222/.
- ^ Yamashita M, Krystal M, Fitch WM, Palese P (1988). "Influenza B virus evolution: co-circulating lineages and comparison of evolutionary pattern with those of influenza A and C viruses". Virology 163 (1): 112–22. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(88)90238-3. PMID 3267218.
- ^ Nobusawa E, Sato K (April 2006). "Comparison of the Mutation Rates of Human Influenza A and B Viruses". J Virol 80 (7): 3675–8. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3675-3678.2006. PMC 1440390. PMID 16537638. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1440390/.
- ^ Transcript of U.S. FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee's 101st meeting of February 16, 2005. origin.www.fda.gov DOC format Google provided HTML format
- ^ a b Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed) (2006). "ICTVdB Virus Description - 00.046.0.04. Influenzavirus B". ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Columbia University, New York, USA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/00.046.0.04.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
External links
- Influenza Research Database Database of influenza genomic sequences and related information.
- Viralzone: Influenzavirus B
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Influenza
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| General topics |
- Research
- Vaccine
- Treatment
- Genome sequencing
- Reassortment
- Superinfection
- Season
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| Influenza viruses |
- Orthomyxoviridae
- Influenza A
- Influenza B
- Influenza C
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Influenza A virus
subtypes |
- H1N1
- H1N2
- H2N2
- H2N3
- H3N1
- H3N2
- H3N8
- H5N1
- H5N2
- H5N3
- H5N8
- H5N9
- H7N1
- H7N2
- H7N3
- H7N4
- H7N7
- H9N2
- H10N7
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| H1N1 |
| Pandemics |
- 1918 flu pandemic (Spanish flu)
- 2009 flu pandemic (Swine flu)
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| Science |
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| H5N1 |
| Outbreaks |
- Croatia (2005)
- India (2006)
- UK (2007)
- West Bengal (2008)
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| Science |
- Genetic structure
- Transmission and infection
- Global spread
- Vaccine (Clinical Trials)
- Human mortality
- Social impact
- Pandemic preparation
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| Treatments |
| Antiviral drug |
- Arbidol
- adamantane derivatives (Amantadine, Rimantadine)
- neuraminidase inhibitors (Oseltamivir, Laninamivir, Peramivir, Zanamivir)
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| Flu vaccines |
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Influenza epidemics
and pandemics |
| Pandemics |
- Russian flu (1889–1890)
- Spanish flu
- Asian flu
- Hong Kong flu
- 2009 flu pandemic
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| Epidemics |
- Russian flu (1977–1978)
- Fujian flu (H3N2)
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| Non-human |
| Mammals |
- Canine influenza
- Cat influenza
- Equine influenza (2007 Australian outbreak)
- Swine influenza
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| Non-mammals |
- Avian influenza
- Fujian flu (H5N1)
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| Related |
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cutn/syst (hppv/hiva, infl/zost/zoon)/epon
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drug(dnaa, rnaa, rtva, vacc)
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Infectious diseases – Viral systemic diseases (A80–B34, 042–079)
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| Oncovirus |
- DNA virus
- HBV
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HPV
- Cervical cancer
- Anal cancer
- Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- Primary central nervous system lymphoma
- MCPyV
- Merkel cell cancer
- SV40
- RNA virus
- HCV
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HTLV-I
- Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
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| Immune disorders |
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Central
nervous system |
Encephalitis/
meningitis |
- DNA virus
- JCV
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- RNA virus
- MeV
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- LCV
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
- Arbovirus encephalitis
- Orthomyxoviridae (probable)
- Encephalitis lethargica
- RV
- Rabies
- Chandipura virus
- Herpesviral meningitis
- Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II
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| Myelitis |
- Poliovirus
- Poliomyelitis
- Post-polio syndrome
- HTLV-I
- Tropical spastic paraparesis
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| Eye |
- Cytomegalovirus
- Cytomegalovirus retinitis
- HSV
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| Cardiovascular |
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Respiratory system/
acute viral nasopharyngitis/
viral pneumonia |
| DNA virus |
- Epstein-Barr virus
- EBV infection/Infectious mononucleosis
- Cytomegalovirus
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| RNA virus |
- IV: SARS coronavirus
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome
- V: Orthomyxoviridae: Influenzavirus A/B/C
- Influenza/Avian influenza
- V, Paramyxovirus: Human parainfluenza viruses
- RSV
- hMPV
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| Digestive system |
| Oropharynx/Esophagus |
- MuV
- Cytomegalovirus
- Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
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Gastroenteritis/
diarrhea |
- DNA virus
- Adenovirus
- Adenovirus infection
- RNA virus
- Rotavirus
- Norovirus
- Astrovirus
- Coronavirus
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| Hepatitis |
- DNA virus
- HBV (B)
- RNA virus
- CBV
- HAV (A)
- HCV (C)
- HDV (D)
- HEV (E)
- HGV (G)
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| Pancreatitis |
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| Urogenital |
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cutn/syst (hppv/hiva, infl/zost/zoon)/epon
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drug(dnaa, rnaa, rtva, vacc)
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UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza A and B viruses during winter 2013-2014 in Beijing, China.
- Fang Q1, Gao Y, Chen M, Guo X, Yang X, Wei L.
- Archives of virology.Arch Virol.2015 Feb 13. [Epub ahead of print]
- In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses from patients infected during the 2013-2014 influenza season in Beijing. A phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequences of influenza A and B viruses from 18 patients (6 A(
- PMID 25676826
- Domestic pigs are susceptible to infection with influenza B viruses.
- Ran Z1, Shen H2, Lang Y2, Kolb EA3, Turan N2, Zhu L1, Ma J2, Bawa B2, Liu Q2, Liu H2, Quast M3, Sexton G3, Krammer F4, Hause BM2, Christopher-Hennings J5, Nelson EA5, Richt J2, Li F6, Ma W7.
- Journal of virology.J Virol.2015 Feb 11. pii: JVI.00059-15. [Epub ahead of print]
- Influenza B virus (IBV) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. Although IBV has been isolated from seals, humans are considered to be the primary host and reservoir of this important pathogen. It is unclear whether other animal species can support the replication of IBV and serve as a reservoir. Swine
- PMID 25673727
Japanese Journal
- 臨床研究・症例報告 銀増幅高感度イムノクロマト迅速診断システムを用いたインフルエンザ症例の検討
- インフルエンザ感染症に合併した急性虫垂炎の2小児例
- 加藤 正也,今高 城治,岡本 健太郎,谷 有希子,山口 岳史,荻野 恵,土岡 丘,加藤 広行,有阪 治
- Dokkyo journal of medical sciences 41(2), 173-176, 2014-07-25
- 症例1は6歳女児.インフルエンザ感染症初日に発熱しオセルタミビルを開始.第3病日,右下腹部に限局した圧痛が出現.腹部造影CTで糞石を認め急性虫垂炎と診断.保存的に加療し炎症反応と腹痛は改善した.症例2は5歳女児.第1病日に発熱と腹痛を認め,第3病日に鼻咽腔迅速検査でインフルエンザB型と診断しザナミビル吸入を開始.触診で右下腹部に反跳痛を認め,腹部単純CTで虫垂壁の肥厚と糞石を確認.急性虫垂炎の併発 …
- NAID 110009815884
Related Links
- There are two main types of influenza (flu) virus: Types A and B. The influenza A and B viruses that routinely spread in people (human influenza viruses) are responsible for seasonal flu epidemics each year. Influenza A ...
- Not all flu is created equal: Some types can make you very ill, while other types of flu cause milder symptoms. Read on to learn about the different types of flu. What Is the Flu? Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory in fection ...
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