WordNet

the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)b
the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen (同)type_B, group B
an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease (同)flu, grippe

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インフルエンザ,流行性感冒

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/05 22:18:02」(JST)

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Influenzavirus B is a genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. The only species in this genus is called "Influenza B virus".

Influenza B viruses are only known to infect humans and seals,^[1] giving them influenza. This limited host and range is apparently responsible for the lack of Influenzavirus B-caused influenza pandemics in contrast with those caused by the morphologically similar Influenzavirus A as both mutate by both antigenic drift and reassortment.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Further diminishing the impact of this virus "in man, influenza B viruses evolve slower than A viruses and faster than C viruses".^[5] Influenzavirus B mutates at a rate 2 to 3 times lower than type A.^[6] However, influenza B mutates enough that lasting immunity is not possible. For example at the U.S.'s Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research's Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee's 101st meeting of February 16, 2005, an extensive discussion and vote was held concerning next year's flu vaccine virus selection including which influenza B strain to use in the formulation of the flu vaccine:

"For Influenza B, the question was asked: are there new strains present? And the answer was yes, and in 2004, the majority of the viruses were similar to a strain called B/Shanghai/361/2002, which is from the so-called B/Yamagata/16/88 hemagglutinin lineage. That lineage was not the one that was being used in the vaccine that was current last year. A minority of the strains that were found during the epidemiological studies were similar to the strain that was in the vaccine for last year [stet], which was B/Hong Kong/330/2001, which belongs to the HA lineage that we represent with the strain B/Victoria/287. In answer to the question were these new viruses spreading, the answer, of course, is definitely yes. The Fujian-like viruses had become widespread around the world and were predominant everywhere, and these B/Shanghai-like strains at the time we were holding this meeting in February were predominant not only in North America and the United States, but also in Asia and Europe."^[7]

Morphology

The Influenza B virus capsid is enveloped while its virion consists of an envelope, a matrix protein, a nucleoprotein complex, a nucleocapsid, and a polymerase complex. It is sometimes spherical and sometimes filamentous. Its 500 or so surface projections are made of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.^[8]

Genome structure

The Influenza B virus genome is 14548 nucleotides long and consists of eight segments of linear negative-sense, single-stranded RNA. The multipartite genome is encapsidated, each segment in a separate nucleocapsid, and the nucleocapsids are surrounded by one envelope.^[8]

References

Sources and notes

^ Osterhaus AD, Rimmelzwaan GF, Martina BE, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RA (2000). "Influenza B virus in seals". Science 288 (5468): 1051–3. doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1051. PMID 10807575.
^ Hay AJ, Gregory V, Douglas AR, Lin YP (2001). "The evolution of human influenza viruses". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 356 (1416): 1861–70. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0999. PMC 1088562. PMID 11779385.
^ Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Takashita E, Muraki Y, Hongo S, Katsushima N, Mizuta K, Nishimura H (2004). "Genetic diversity of influenza B virus: the frequent reassortment and cocirculation of the genetically distinct reassortant viruses in a community". J. Med. Virol. 74 (1): 132–40. doi:10.1002/jmv.20156. PMID 15258979.
^ Lindstrom SE, Hiromoto Y, Nishimura H, Saito T, Nerome R, Nerome K (1999). "Comparative Analysis of Evolutionary Mechanisms of the Hemagglutinin and Three Internal Protein Genes of Influenza B Virus: Multiple Cocirculating Lineages and Frequent Reassortment of the NP, M, and NS Genes". J. Virol. 73 (5): 4413–26. PMC 104222. PMID 10196339.
^ Yamashita M, Krystal M, Fitch WM, Palese P (1988). "Influenza B virus evolution: co-circulating lineages and comparison of evolutionary pattern with those of influenza A and C viruses". Virology 163 (1): 112–22. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(88)90238-3. PMID 3267218.
^ Nobusawa E, Sato K (April 2006). "Comparison of the Mutation Rates of Human Influenza A and B Viruses". J Virol 80 (7): 3675–8. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3675-3678.2006. PMC 1440390. PMID 16537638.
^ Transcript of U.S. FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee's 101st meeting of February 16, 2005. origin.www.fda.gov DOC format Google provided HTML format
^ ^a ^b Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed) (2006). "ICTVdB Virus Description—00.046.0.04. Influenzavirus B". ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Columbia University, New York, USA. Retrieved 2007-09-15.

External links

Influenza Research Database Database of influenza genomic sequences and related information.
Viralzone: Influenzavirus B
Differentiation of Influenza B Virus Lineages Yamagata and Victoria by Real-Time PCR, in: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Jan. 2013, Vol. 51, Issue 1, by B. Biere, B. Bauer, B. Schweiger

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における季節性インフルエンザの治療 treatment of seasonal influenza in adults
2. 小児における季節性インフルエンザ：臨床的特徴および診断 seasonal influenza in children clinical features and diagnosis
3. 成人における季節性インフルエンザの臨床症状 clinical manifestations of seasonal influenza in adults
4. 小児における季節性インフルエンザ：予防および治療のための抗ウイルス剤 seasonal influenza in children prevention and treatment with antiviral drugs
5. Immunizations in patients with primary immunodeficiency

English Journal

Integrated microfluidic device using a single universal aptamer to detect multiple types of influenza viruses.

Wang CH1, Chang CP2, Lee GB3.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2016 Dec 15;86:247-54. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.071. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
DNA aptamers that can bind specific molecular targets have great potential as probes for microbial diagnostic applications. However, aptamers may change their conformation under different operating conditions, thus affecting their affinity and specificity towards the target molecules. In this study,
PMID 27376195

Sensitive detection of influenza viruses with Europium nanoparticles on an epoxy silica sol-gel functionalized polycarbonate-polydimethylsiloxane hybrid microchip.

Liu J1, Zhao J2, Petrochenko P3, Zheng J3, Hewlett I4.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2016 Dec 15;86:150-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.044. Epub 2016 Jun 15.
In an effort to develop new tools for diagnosing influenza in resource-limited settings, we fabricated a polycarbonate (PC)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrid microchip using a simple epoxy silica sol-gel coating/bonding method and employed it in sensitive detection of influenza virus with Europium
PMID 27362253

Deploying aptameric sensing technology for rapid pandemic monitoring.

Acquah C1,2, Danquah MK2, Agyei D3, Moy CK4, Sidhu A1,5, Ongkudon CM6.
Critical reviews in biotechnology.Crit Rev Biotechnol.2016 Dec;36(6):1010-1022. Epub 2015 Sep 18.
The genome of virulent strains may possess the ability to mutate by means of antigenic shift and/or antigenic drift as well as being resistant to antibiotics with time. The outbreak and spread of these virulent diseases including avian influenza (H1N1), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Corona
PMID 26381238

Japanese Journal

Molecular epidemiology of avian influenza viruses circulating among healthy poultry flocks in farms in northern Vietnam.

Takakuwa Hiroki,Yamashiro Tetsu,Le Mai Q,Phuong Lien S,Ozaki Hiroichi,Tsunekuni Ryota,Usui Tatsufumi,Ito Hiroshi,Morimatsu Masami,Tomioka Yukiko,Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi,Ito Toshihiro,Murase Toshiyuki,Ono Etsuro,Otsuki Koichi
Preventive Veterinary Medicine 103(2-3), 192-200, 2012-02-01
… Repeated epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 were reported from 2003 to 2005 among poultry in Vietnam. … Subtype H5N1 strains are established as endemic among poultry in Vietnam, however, insights into how avian influenza viruses including the H5N1 subtype are maintained in endemic areas is not clear. …
NAID 120003627992

小児科領域における研究と治療の進歩(13)小児下気道ウイルス感染症

濱田洋通/寺井勝
東京女子医科大学雑誌 81(6), 391-396, 2011-12-25
小児下気道感染症は,小児診療でもっとも頻度の高い疾患群である.その中で呼吸器ウイルスによる下気道感染症は,起因ウイルスの同定に時間がかるために知見がなかなか蓄積されなかった.しかしここ10年でPCR法による検出が進歩し,ヒトメタニューモウイルス,SARSウイルス,ボカウイルス,A/H1N12009インフルエンザウイルスが次々と発見され,それらの病態理解が進展をみせている.特にヒトメタニューモウイル …
NAID 110008754016

「B型インフルエンザ」

Orthomyxoviridae
Virus classification
Group:	Group V ((-)ssRNA)
Family:	Orthomyxoviridae
Genera
	Influenzavirus A; Influenzavirus B; Influenzavirus C; Isavirus; Thogotovirus

　　[★]

英: influenza B
関: インフルエンザB型。インフルエンザ

A型インフルエンザより軽傷で済む。
A型インフルエンザと同程度の感染力を有する。
抗原型は一種類(ウイルス表面の抗原)であるので、免疫を形成しやすい。
それでも各抗原は毎年小さな変異を繰り返しているので、完全に免疫を獲得することはない。

「インフルエンザB型」

　　[★]

英: influenza B
関: B型インフルエンザ

「influenza B virus infection」

　　[★]

B型インフルエンザウイルス感染、B型インフルエンザウイルス感染症

「B」

　　[★]

気管分岐部下緑
補体のalternative pathwayに関わる蛋白質

Mg2+存在下でC3, B, Dが反応してC3bBbとなり、これがC3転換酵素(C3bBb)あるいはC5転換酵素(C3bBb3b)を形成する。これらはP(properdin)と結合して活性化し、それぞれC3、C5を活性化する

「influenza」

　　[★] インフルエンザ

[pmid10807575-1] Osterhaus AD, Rimmelzwaan GF, Martina BE, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RA (2000). "Influenza B virus in seals". Science 288 (5468): 1051–3. doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1051. PMID 10807575.

[pmid11779385-2] Hay AJ, Gregory V, Douglas AR, Lin YP (2001). "The evolution of human influenza viruses". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 356 (1416): 1861–70. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0999. PMC 1088562. PMID 11779385.

[pmid15258979-3] Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Takashita E, Muraki Y, Hongo S, Katsushima N, Mizuta K, Nishimura H (2004). "Genetic diversity of influenza B virus: the frequent reassortment and cocirculation of the genetically distinct reassortant viruses in a community". J. Med. Virol. 74 (1): 132–40. doi:10.1002/jmv.20156. PMID 15258979.

[pmid10196339-4] Lindstrom SE, Hiromoto Y, Nishimura H, Saito T, Nerome R, Nerome K (1999). "Comparative Analysis of Evolutionary Mechanisms of the Hemagglutinin and Three Internal Protein Genes of Influenza B Virus: Multiple Cocirculating Lineages and Frequent Reassortment of the NP, M, and NS Genes". J. Virol. 73 (5): 4413–26. PMC 104222. PMID 10196339.

[pmid3267218-5] Yamashita M, Krystal M, Fitch WM, Palese P (1988). "Influenza B virus evolution: co-circulating lineages and comparison of evolutionary pattern with those of influenza A and C viruses". Virology 163 (1): 112–22. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(88)90238-3. PMID 3267218.

[6] Nobusawa E, Sato K (April 2006). "Comparison of the Mutation Rates of Human Influenza A and B Viruses". J Virol 80 (7): 3675–8. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3675-3678.2006. PMC 1440390. PMID 16537638.

[7] Transcript of U.S. FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee's 101st meeting of February 16, 2005. origin.www.fda.gov DOC format Google provided HTML format

[ICTVdb-8] Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed) (2006). "ICTVdB Virus Description—00.046.0.04. Influenzavirus B". ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Columbia University, New York, USA. Retrieved 2007-09-15.

リンク元	「B型インフルエンザ」「インフルエンザB型」
拡張検索	「influenza B virus infection」
関連記事	「B」「influenza」

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案内

案内

influenza B