興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター、興奮性アミノ酸輸送体

関: EAAT、glutamate plasma membrane transport protein

WordNet

move something or somebody around; usually over long distances
an exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membranes
move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in ones hands or on ones body; "You must carry your camping gear"; "carry the suitcases to the car"; "This train is carrying nuclear waste"; "These pipes carry waste water into the river" (同)carry
transport commercially (同)send, ship
street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
a long truck for carrying motor vehicles (同)car transporter
a crane for moving material with dispatch as in loading and unloading ships
pertaining to or containing any of a group of organic compounds of nitrogen derived from ammonia (同)aminic
the radical -NH2 (同)amino_group

PrepTutorEJDIC

(ある場所からある場所へ)…‘を'『輸送する』,運搬する《+名+from+名+to+名》 / 《文》《受動態で》(…で)…‘を'夢中にする,有頂天にする《+名+with+名》 / 〈罪人〉‘を'流刑にする / 〈U〉輸送,運送,輸送(交通)機関(transportation) / 〈C〉(軍隊や軍需品を運ぶ)輸送船,輸送機
酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD
自動車運搬用大型トラック

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/07 19:45:03」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Solute carrier family 1 (glial high-affinity glutamate transporter), member 3, also known as SLC1A3,is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SLC1A3 gene.^[1] SLC1A3 is also often called the GLutamate ASpartate Transporter (GLAST) or Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1) .

GLAST is predominantly expressed in the plasma membrane, allowing it to remove glutamate from the extracellular space.^[2] It has also been localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane as part of the malate-aspartate shuttle.^[3]

Mechanism[edit]

GLAST functions in vivo as a homotrimer.^[4] GLAST mediates the transport of glutamic and aspartic acid with the cotransport of three Na⁺ and one H⁺ cations and counter transport of one K⁺ cation. This co-transport coupling (or symport) allows the transport of glutamate into cells against a concentration gradient.^[5]

"Diagram Illustrating the Malate-Asparate Shuttle Pathway". (Glutamate aspartate transporter labeled at bottom center.)

Expression of SLC1A3 in the Bergmann glia fibers. Mouse brain at 7th postnatal day, sagittal section; GENSAT database.

Tissue distribution[edit]

GLAST is expressed throughout the CNS,^[6] and is highly expressed in astrocytes and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum.^[7]^[8] In the retina, GLAST is expressed in Muller cells.^[9] GLAST is also expressed in a number of other tissues including cardiac myocytes.^[3]

Clinical significance[edit]

It is associated with type 6 episodic_ataxia.^[10]

Pharmacology[edit]

DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA) is an inhibitor of the excitatory amino acid transporters.^[11]

Selective inhibitors for GLAST have recently been discovered based on 25 combinations of substitutions at the 4 and 7 positions of 2-amino-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitril.^[12]

References[edit]

^ "Entrez Gene: SLC1A3 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3".
^ Lehre, KP; Levy, LM; Ottersen, OP; Storm-Mathisen, J; Danbolt, NC (1995 Mar). "Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: quantitative and immunocytochemical observations.". The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 15 (3 Pt 1): 1835–53. PMID 7891138.
^ ^a ^b Ralphe JC, Segar JL, Schutte BC, Scholz TD (2004). "Localization and function of the brain excitatory amino acid transporter type 1 in cardiac mitochondria". J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 37 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.04.008. PMID 15242733.
^ Gendreau, S; Voswinkel, S; Torres-Salazar, D; Lang, N; Heidtmann, H; Detro-Dassen, S; Schmalzing, G; Hidalgo, P; Fahlke, C (2004 Sep 17). "A trimeric quaternary structure is conserved in bacterial and human glutamate transporters.". The Journal of biological chemistry 279 (38): 39505–12. PMID 15265858.
^ Kanai Y, Hediger MA (2004). "The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects". Pflugers Arch. 447 (5): 469–79. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1146-4. PMID 14530974.
^ Danbolt NC (September 2001). "Glutamate uptake". Prog. Neurobiol. 65 (1): 1–105. doi:10.1016/S0301-0082(00)00067-8. PMID 11369436.
^ Storck T, Schulte S, Hofmann K, Stoffel W (1992). "Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na(+)-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (22): 10955–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10955. PMC 50461. PMID 1279699.
^ Rothstein JD, Martin L, Levey AI, Dykes-Hoberg M, Jin L, Wu D, Nash N, Kuncl RW (1994). "Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters". Neuron 13 (3): 713–25. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90038-8. PMID 7917301.
^ Rauen T, Taylor WR, Kuhlbrodt K, Wiessner M (1998). "High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance". Cell Tissue Res. 291 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1007/s004410050976. PMID 9394040.
^ Jen JC, Wan J, Palos TP, Howard BD, Baloh RW (2005). "Mutation in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 causes episodic ataxia, hemiplegia, and seizures". Neurology 65 (4): 529–34. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000172638.58172.5a. PMID 16116111.
^ Shimamoto, K; Lebrun, B, Yasuda-Kamatani, Y, Sakaitani, M, Shigeri, Y, Yumoto, N, Nakajima, T (1998 Feb). "DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate, a potent blocker of excitatory amino acid transporters.". Molecular Pharmacology 53 (2): 195–201. PMID 9463476.
^ Jensen, AA; Erichsen, MN, Nielsen, CW, Stensbøl, TB, Kehler, J, Bunch, L (2009 Feb 26). "Discovery of the first selective inhibitor of excitatory amino acid transporter subtype 1.". Journal of Medical Chemistry 52 (4): 912–5. PMID 19161278.

External links[edit]

Glutamate Aspartate Transporter 1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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English Journal

Gabapentin inhibits the activity of the rat excitatory glutamate transporter 3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

Gil YS1, Kim JH2, Kim CH2, Han JI2, Zuo Z3, Baik HJ4.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2015 Sep 5;762:112-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.038. Epub 2015 May 21.
Gabapentin, a derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is used to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain. The pharmacological mechanisms for gabapentin effects are not completely elucidated. We investigated the effect of gabapentin on the activity of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) that c
PMID 26004532

Glutamate transporter EAAT2: regulation, function, and potential as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disease.

Takahashi K1, Foster JB, Lin CL.
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS.Cell Mol Life Sci.2015 Sep;72(18):3489-506. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-1937-8. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is primarily responsible for clearance of extracellular glutamate to prevent neuronal excitotoxicity and hyperexcitability. EAAT2 plays a critical role in regulation of
PMID 26033496

Association of rare variation in the glutamate receptor gene SLC1A2 with susceptibility to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Fiorentino A1, Sharp SI1, McQuillin A1.
European journal of human genetics : EJHG.Eur J Hum Genet.2015 Sep;23(9):1200-6. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.261. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
The SLC1A2 gene encodes the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2). Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory neurotransmission and EAAT2 is responsible for clearing the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. Genetic variation in SLC1A2 has been implicated in a range of neurological and
PMID 25406999

Japanese Journal

Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1-Mediated L-Glutamate Transport at the Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier: Possible Role in L-Glutamate Elimination from the Retina

Sakurai Tatsuhiko,Akanuma Shin-ichi,Usui Takuya [他],Kubo Yoshiyuki,Tachikawa Masanori,Hosoya Ken-ichi
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38(7), 1087-1091, 2015
… Regarding the Na+-dependent high affinity process of L-Glu transport at the inner BRB, L-Glu uptake by TR-iBRB2 under normal conditions was significantly inhibited by substrates/inhibitors of excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 1–5, but not alanine-serine-cysteine transporters. …
NAID 130005086298

In Vitro Study of L-Glutamate and L-Glutamine Transport in Retinal Pericytes: Involvement of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 and Alanine–Serine–Cysteine Transporter 2

Akanuma Shin-ichi,Zakoji Nobuyuki,Kubo Yoshiyuki [他],Hosoya Ken-ichi
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38(6), 901-908, 2015
… TR-rPCT1 cells express the mRNAs of vesicular L-Glu transporter 1 (VGLUT1), indicating that L-Glu in the cytoplasm is taken up into VGLUT1-expressing vesicles of retinal pericytes. …
NAID 130005072672

多様化形質細胞間の神経アミノ酸シグナルの普遍性

米田幸雄
薬学雑誌. 乙号 134(8), 879-887, 2014
… In this review, I will outline our experimental findings accumulated since then on the physiological and pathological significance of neuronal amino acids as an extracellular signal for the maintenance of homeostasis in a variety of plasma cells. … Taken together, osteoblastic maturation proceeds as a delicate balancing between excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic signals, as seen in the brain. …
NAID 130004677652

「興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター」

Solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3
Identifiers
Symbols	SLC1A3; EA6; EAAT1; GLAST; GLAST1
External IDs	OMIM: 600111 MGI: 99917 HomoloGene: 20882 ChEMBL: 3085 GeneCards: SLC1A3 Gene
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity; • high-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity; • glutamate binding; • sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity;
Cellular component	• plasma membrane; • cell surface; • membrane; • integral to membrane; • cell projection; • neuronal cell body; • fibril;
Biological process	• neurotransmitter uptake; • glutamate biosynthetic process; • ion transport; • synaptic transmission; • sensory perception of sound; • response to light stimulus; • gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process; • response to wounding; • cranial nerve development; • auditory behavior; • response to drug; • response to antibiotic; • cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation; • positive regulation of synaptic transmission; • neuromuscular process controlling balance; • L-glutamate import; • transmembrane transport; • D-aspartate import;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	This box: view; talk; edit;

　　[★]

英: excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT、glutamate plasma membrane transport protein
同: グルタミン酸トランスポーター glutamate transporter
関: 興奮性アミノ酸輸送体、細胞膜グルタミン酸トランスポーター、細胞膜グルタミン酸輸送体

「glutamate plasma membrane transport protein」

　　[★]

細胞膜グルタミン酸トランスポーター、細胞膜グルタミン酸輸送体、興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター

関: excitatory amino acid transporter

「興奮性アミノ酸輸送体」

　　[★]

英: excitatory amino acid transporter、EAAT
関: 興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター

「EAAT」

　　[★]

興奮性アミノ酸輸送体

関: excitatory amino acid transporter

「excitatory amino acid transporter 1」

　　[★]

興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター1、1型興奮性アミノ酸輸送体

関: EAAT1

「excitatory amino acid transporter 3」

　　[★]

興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター3、3型興奮性アミノ酸輸送体

関: EAAT3

「excitatory amino acid transporter 4」

　　[★]

興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター4、4型興奮性アミノ酸輸送体

関: EAAT4

「excitatory amino acid transporter 5」

　　[★]

興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター5、5型興奮性アミノ酸輸送体

関: EAAT5

「transport」

　　[★]

n.

輸送、運搬

v.

輸送する、運搬する、運ぶ

関: bring、carriage、carry、convey、delivery、ship、traffic、trafficking、transportation

「excitatory」

　　[★]

興奮性の、興奮の

関: excitability、excitable、excitation、excite、excitement、exciting、excito、fire

「transporter」

　　[★] トランスポーター

関: translocator、transport protein、transporter protein

[entrez-1] "Entrez Gene: SLC1A3 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3".

[2] Lehre, KP; Levy, LM; Ottersen, OP; Storm-Mathisen, J; Danbolt, NC (1995 Mar). "Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: quantitative and immunocytochemical observations.". The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 15 (3 Pt 1): 1835–53. PMID 7891138.

[pmid15242733-3] Ralphe JC, Segar JL, Schutte BC, Scholz TD (2004). "Localization and function of the brain excitatory amino acid transporter type 1 in cardiac mitochondria". J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 37 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.04.008. PMID 15242733.

[4] Gendreau, S; Voswinkel, S; Torres-Salazar, D; Lang, N; Heidtmann, H; Detro-Dassen, S; Schmalzing, G; Hidalgo, P; Fahlke, C (2004 Sep 17). "A trimeric quaternary structure is conserved in bacterial and human glutamate transporters.". The Journal of biological chemistry 279 (38): 39505–12. PMID 15265858.

[pmid14530974-5] Kanai Y, Hediger MA (2004). "The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects". Pflugers Arch. 447 (5): 469–79. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1146-4. PMID 14530974.

[pmid11369436-6] Danbolt NC (September 2001). "Glutamate uptake". Prog. Neurobiol. 65 (1): 1–105. doi:10.1016/S0301-0082(00)00067-8. PMID 11369436.

[pmid1279699-7] Storck T, Schulte S, Hofmann K, Stoffel W (1992). "Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na(+)-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (22): 10955–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10955. PMC 50461. PMID 1279699.

[pmid7917301-8] Rothstein JD, Martin L, Levey AI, Dykes-Hoberg M, Jin L, Wu D, Nash N, Kuncl RW (1994). "Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters". Neuron 13 (3): 713–25. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90038-8. PMID 7917301.

[pmid9394040-9] Rauen T, Taylor WR, Kuhlbrodt K, Wiessner M (1998). "High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance". Cell Tissue Res. 291 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1007/s004410050976. PMID 9394040.

[pmid16116111-10] Jen JC, Wan J, Palos TP, Howard BD, Baloh RW (2005). "Mutation in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 causes episodic ataxia, hemiplegia, and seizures". Neurology 65 (4): 529–34. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000172638.58172.5a. PMID 16116111.

[11] Shimamoto, K; Lebrun, B, Yasuda-Kamatani, Y, Sakaitani, M, Shigeri, Y, Yumoto, N, Nakajima, T (1998 Feb). "DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate, a potent blocker of excitatory amino acid transporters.". Molecular Pharmacology 53 (2): 195–201. PMID 9463476.

[12] Jensen, AA; Erichsen, MN, Nielsen, CW, Stensbøl, TB, Kehler, J, Bunch, L (2009 Feb 26). "Discovery of the first selective inhibitor of excitatory amino acid transporter subtype 1.". Journal of Medical Chemistry 52 (4): 912–5. PMID 19161278.

リンク元	「興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター」「glutamate plasma membrane transport protein」「興奮性アミノ酸輸送体」「EAAT」
拡張検索	「excitatory amino acid transporter 1」「excitatory amino acid transporter 3」「excitatory amino acid transporter 4」「excitatory amino acid transporter 5」
関連記事	「transport」「excitatory」「transporter」

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案内

案内

excitatory amino acid transporter