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the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)d
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/10 03:52:35」(JST)

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HLA-DM is an intracellular protein involved in peptide presentation by MHC class II.^[2] It is encoded by the genes HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB.

In the endosomes, HLA-DM functions by promoting the dissociation of the CLIP peptide (a place holder peptide) from MHC class II which allows endosomal peptides to bind. Possibly by its preferential binding of the open, peptide-less conformation of MHC class II, HLA-DM then catalyzes peptide exchange, favoring more stable peptide-MHC complexes (which are resistant to DM action). Thus, HLA-DM is thought to play an important role in "editing" the peptide repertoire.

HLA-DM is a protein involved in the immune system. It is a molecular chaperone that works in lysosomes and endosomes. HLA-DM plays a role in the proper loading of peptides and presentation of the peptides in macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and other antigen presenting cells. The protein is unable to bind peptides itself, so it interacts with major histocompatibility protein II (MHCII) to speed up the molecule’s binding and releasing of peptides. HLA-DM regulates the peptides that bind to MHCII and present the antigen on antigen presenting cells, therefore controlling which antigen(s) the body mounts an immune response to.

The genes for HLA-DM are located in the MHCII region of the human chromosome 6. The genes code for the alpha and beta chains that makeup the protein. HLA-DM consists of two polymers and three ligands: BETA-D-MANNOSE (BMA), CHLORIDE ION (CL), and 2-(ACETYLAMINO)-2-DEOXY-A-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE (NDG). The structure of HLA-DM was determined by x-ray diffraction at a resolution of 2.27 Å.

The Ramachandran Plot of HLA-DM can be seen here.

References

^ PDB 2BC4; Nicholson MJ, Moradi B, Seth NP, Xing X, Cuny GD, Stein RL, Wucherpfennig KW (April 2006). "Small molecules that enhance the catalytic efficiency of HLA-DM". J. Immunol. 176 (7): 4208–20. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4208. PMC 3412064. PMID 16547258.
^ Busch R, Rinderknecht CH, Roh S, Lee AW, Harding JJ, Burster T, Hornell TM, Mellins ED (October 2005). "Achieving stability through editing and chaperoning: regulation of MHC class II peptide binding and expression". Immunol. Rev. 207: 242–60. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00306.x. PMID 16181341.

3. Vogt Anne B, Kropshofer Harald (April 1999). "HLA-DM – an endosomal and lysosomal chaperone for the immune system". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 24 (4): 150-154. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01364-X

External links

Overview at Davidson College (student generated)
[1] Protein Data Bank

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English Journal

The Thermodynamic Mechanism of Peptide-MHC Class II Complex Formation Is a Determinant of Susceptibility to HLA-DM.

Ferrante A1, Templeton M2, Hoffman M3, Castellini MJ3.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2015 Jun 26. pii: 1402367. [Epub ahead of print]
Peptides bind MHC class II molecules through a thermodynamically nonadditive process consequent to the flexibility of the reactants. Currently, how the specific outcome of this binding process affects the ensuing epitope selection needs resolution. Calorimetric assessment of binding thermodynamics f
PMID 26116504

Evaluating the Role of HLA-DM in MHC Class II-Peptide Association Reactions.

Yin L1, Maben ZJ1, Becerra A1, Stern LJ2.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2015 Jun 10. pii: 1403190. [Epub ahead of print]
Ag presentation by MHC class II (MHC II) molecules to CD4+ T cells plays a key role in the regulation of the adaptive immune response. Loading of antigenic peptides onto MHC II is catalyzed by HLA-DM (DM), a nonclassical MHC II molecule. The mechanism of DM-facilitated peptide loading is an outstand
PMID 26062997

MHC class II presentation is controlled by the lysosomal small GTPase, Arl8b.

Michelet X1, Garg S1, Wolf BJ1, Tuli A2, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P3, Brenner MB4.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2015 Mar 1;194(5):2079-88. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401072. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized APCs with the ability to prime naive T cells. DCs first sample Ags from the environment and then orchestrate their processing and loading onto MHC class II (MHC II) Ag-presenting molecules in lysosomes. Once MHC II molecules have bound a peptide, the MHC II-pept
PMID 25637027

Japanese Journal

Tumor cell expression of HLA-DM associates with a T_h1 profile and predicts improved survival in breast carcinoma patients

OLDFORD Sharon A.,ROBB J. Desmond,CODNER Dianne,GADAG Veeresh,WATSON Peter H.,DROVER Sheila
International immunology 18(11), 1591-1602, 2006-11-01
NAID 10019263340

Association of HLA-DM polymorphism with the production of antiphospholipid antibodies

SANCHEZ ML
Ann Rheum Dis 63, 1645-1648, 2004
NAID 30021604229

Related Pictures

Frontiers | HLA-DM Focuses on Conformational Flexibility Around P1 Pocket to Catalyze WikiZero - HLA-DM HLA-DO Antigen Processing Advanced Immunology and Immunotherapy - ppt video online download HLA-DM – an endosomal and lysosomal chaperone for the immune system: Trends in IM1 05 06: Antigen Processing and Presentation at Touro University (NV) - StudyBlue Ag presentation & role of mhc somu

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「インバリアント鎖」「ペプチド編集」
関連記事	「DM」「D」「HL」「H」「HLA」

「インバリアント鎖」

major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta
Identifiers
Symbol	HLA-DMB
Entrez	3109
HUGO	4935
OMIM	142856
RefSeq	NM_002118
UniProt	P28068
Other data
Locus	Chr. 6 p21.3

major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha
	Crystallographic structure of human HLA-DM.
Identifiers
Symbol	HLA-DMA
Entrez	3108
HUGO	4934
OMIM	142855
RefSeq	NM_006120
UniProt	P28067
Other data
Locus	Chr. 6 p21.3