WordNet

of summer nights in northern latitudes where the sun barely sets; "white nights"
the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black) (同)whiteness
(board games) the lighter pieces
restricted to whites only; "under segregation there were even white restrooms and white drinking fountains"; "a lily-white movement which would expel Negroes from the organization" (同)lily-white
marked by the presence of snow; "a white Christmas"; "the white hills of a northern winter" (同)snowy
glowing white with heat; "white flames"; "a white-hot center of the fire" (同)white-hot
(of hair) having lost its color; "the white hairs of old age" (同)whitened
(of coffee) having cream or milk added
being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light; "as white as fresh snow"; "a brides white dress"
benevolent; without malicious intent; "thats white of you"
free from moral blemish or impurity; unsullied; "in shining white armor"
of or belonging to a racial group having light skin coloration; "voting patterns within the white population"
wipe with a sponge, so as to clean or moisten
a porous mass of interlacing fibers that forms the internal skeleton of various marine animals and usable to absorb water or any porous rubber or cellulose product similarly used
primitive multicellular marine animal whose porous body is supported by a fibrous skeletal framework; usually occurs in sessile colonies (同)poriferan, parazoan
erase with a sponge; as of words on a blackboard
gather sponges, in the ocean
soak up with a sponge
United States educator who in 1865 (with Ezra Cornell) founded Cornell University and served as its first president (1832-1918) (同)Andrew D. White, Andrew Dickson White
United States writer noted for his humorous essays (1899-1985) (同)E. B. White, Elwyn Brooks White
United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1910 by President Taft; noted for his work on antitrust legislation (1845-1921) (同)Edward White, Edward D. White, Edward Douglas White Jr.
Australian writer (1912-1990) (同)Patrick White, Patrick Victor Martindale White
United States architect (1853-1906) (同)Stanford White
United States political journalist (1915-1986) (同)T. H. White, Theodore Harold White
a member of the Caucasoid race (同)White person, Caucasian
a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows southeastward through northern Arkansas and southern Missouri (同)White River
a food fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe resembling the cod; sometimes placed in genus Gadus (同)Merlangus merlangus, Gadus merlangus
a small fish of the genus Sillago; excellent food fish
any of several food fishes of North American coastal waters
flesh of a cod-like fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe
flesh of any of a number of slender food fishes especially of Atlantic coasts of North America

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『白』,白色 / 〈U〉〈C〉白いもの;(特に)『卵の白身』 / 〈U〉『白衣』,白色の服;《しばしば複数形で》白の制服(運動着など) / 〈C〉白人 / 『白い』,白色の,純白の / (恐怖で人・顔・唇などが)『青白い』,血の気のない(pale) / (皮膚の色の)白い,白人の / (髪・ひげなどが)銀色の,改色の / 雪のある,雪の積もった / 《おもに古》潔白の,罪のない / 《英》(コーヒーが)ミルク入りの / …‘を'白くする,漂白する
〈C〉『海綿動物』 / 〈C〉〈U〉『海綿』,スポンジ;(一般に)海綿(スポンジ)状の物 / 〈C〉《比喩(ひゆ)的に》(海綿のように)何かをふんだんに吸収する人(物) / 〈C〉《話》いそうろう,食客 / 〈C〉〈U〉(外科手術用の)ガーゼ帯 / …‘を'海綿(スポンジ)で洗う(ぬらす,ふく) / 〈液体〉‘を'海綿(スポンジなど)で吸い取る《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 《話》…‘を'せびり取る;…‘に'せびる / 〈海綿などが〉液体を吸収する / 《話》(人に)たかる《+『on』(『upon, off』)+『名』〈人〉》
ニベ(北米産);タラ(欧州産)
(銀の研摩剤に用いる)胡粉,白亜(chalk);漂白剤
母斑(ぼはん)(先天性のあざ・ほくろ・そばかすなど)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/22 08:06:41」(JST)

wiki en

White sponge nevus (WSN, or white sponge naevus, Cannon's disease, hereditary leukokeratosis of mucosa, white sponge nevus of Cannon and familial white folded dysplasia),^[1]^[2] is an autosomal dominant^[3] condition of the oral mucosa (the mucous membrane lining of the mouth). It is caused by a mutations in certain genes coding for keratin, which causes a defect in the normal process of keratinization of the mucosa. This results in lesions which are thick, white and velvety on the inside of the cheeks within the mouth. Usually, these lesions are present from birth or develop during childhood. The condition is entirely harmless, and no treatment is required

Classification

The ICD-10 lists WSN under "other congenital malformations of mouth". It could be classified as a skin condition,^[4] or more precisely as a genodermatosis (a genetically determined skin disorder).^[5]

Signs and symptoms

It presents itself in the mouth, most frequently as a thick, bilateral, symmetrical white plaques with a spongy, corrugated or velvety texture. Most usually, the lesions are on the buccal mucosa, but sometimes on the labial mucosa, alveolar ridge, floor of the mouth, ventral surface of the tongue or soft palate. The gingival margin and dorsum of the tongue are almost never affected. Less commonly, sites outside the mouth are affected, including the nasal, esophageal, laryngeal, anal and genital mucosae.^[5] It usually is present from birth, or develops during childhood. Rarely, the lesions may develop during adolescence. Apart from the appearance of the affected areas, there are usally no other signs or symptoms.^[5]

Pathophysiology

White sponge nevus has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.

WSN is caused by a mutation of the keratin 4 or keratin 13 genes,^[3]^[6] located respectively at human chromosomes 12q13^[7] and 17q21-q22.^[8] The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.^[3] This indicates that the defective gene responsible for a disorder is located on an autosome (chromosomes 12 and 17 are autosomes), and only one copy of the defective gene is sufficient to cause the disorder, when inherited from a parent who has the disorder.

Diagnosis

it is often mistaken for leukoplakia.

Treatment and prognosis

Although this condition is perfectly benign, There is no treatment, but because there are no serious clinical complications, the prognosis is excellent.

Epidemiology

History

References

^ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 193900
^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. 709, 734, 738, 740. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c Terrinoni A, Rugg EL, Lane EB, et al (Mar 2001). "A novel mutation in the keratin 13 gene causing oral white sponge nevus". J. Dent. Res. 80 (3): 919–923. doi:10.1177/00220345010800031401. PMID 11379896. http://jdr.sagepub.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11379896.
^ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 807. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bouquot, Brad W. Neville , Douglas D. Damm, Carl M. Allen, Jerry E. (2002). Oral & maxillofacial pathology (2. ed. ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 645–646. ISBN 0721690033.
^ McGowan KA, Fuchs H, Hrabé de Angelis M, Barsh GS (Jan 2007). "Identification of a Keratin 4 mutation in a chemically induced mouse mutant that models white sponge nevus". J. Invest. Dermatol. 127 (1): 60–64. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700498. PMID 16858417.
^ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 123940
^ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 148065

External links

White sponge nevus of cannon; Leukokeratosis, hereditary mucosal at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 色素細胞性母斑（ほくろ）以外の良性色素性皮膚病変 benign pigmented skin lesions other than melanocytic nevi moles
2. 非定型母斑（異形成母斑） atypical dysplastic nevi
3. 後天性色素性母斑（ほくろ） acquired melanocytic nevi moles
4. 表皮母斑および表皮母斑症候群 epidermal nevus and epidermal nevus syndrome
5. Vulvar lesions: Differential diagnosis based on morphology

English Journal

White Sponge Nevus - A Rare Autosomal Dominant Keratinopathy.

Benoit S1, Schlipf N2, Hausser I3, Fischer J2, Hamm H1.
Klinische Padiatrie.Klin Padiatr.2014 Nov;226(6/07):375-376. Epub 2014 May 8.
PMID 24810752

Normal Variations of Oral Anatomy and Common Oral Soft Tissue Lesions: Evaluation and Management.

Madani FM1, Kuperstein AS2.
The Medical clinics of North America.Med Clin North Am.2014 Nov;98(6):1281-1298. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.004. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
Examination of the oral cavity can provide significant diagnostic information regarding the general health of the patient. The oral cavity is affected by a multitude of pathologic conditions of variable cause and significance; however, there are numerous normal variations of oral soft tissue structu
PMID 25443677

Pediatric soft tissue oral lesions.

Pinto A1, Haberland CM2, Baker S3.
Dental clinics of North America.Dent Clin North Am.2014 Apr;58(2):437-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.12.003. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
This article provides an overview of common color changes and soft tissue oral nodular abnormalities in children and adolescents. The clinical presentation and treatment options to address these conditions are presented in a concise approach, highlighting key features relevant to the oral health car
PMID 24655531