WordNet

easily squashed; resembling a sponge in having soft porous texture and compressibility; "spongy bread" (同)squashy, squishy, spongelike
like a sponge in being able to absorb liquids and yield it back when compressed (同)spongelike
wipe with a sponge, so as to clean or moisten
a porous mass of interlacing fibers that forms the internal skeleton of various marine animals and usable to absorb water or any porous rubber or cellulose product similarly used
primitive multicellular marine animal whose porous body is supported by a fibrous skeletal framework; usually occurs in sessile colonies (同)poriferan, parazoan
erase with a sponge; as of words on a blackboard
gather sponges, in the ocean
soak up with a sponge

PrepTutorEJDIC

海綿状の多孔質の;吸収性の
〈C〉『海綿動物』 / 〈C〉〈U〉『海綿』,スポンジ;(一般に)海綿(スポンジ)状の物 / 〈C〉《比喩(ひゆ)的に》(海綿のように)何かをふんだんに吸収する人(物) / 〈C〉《話》いそうろう,食客 / 〈C〉〈U〉(外科手術用の)ガーゼ帯 / …‘を'海綿(スポンジ)で洗う(ぬらす,ふく) / 〈液体〉‘を'海綿(スポンジなど)で吸い取る《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 《話》…‘を'せびり取る;…‘に'せびる / 〈海綿などが〉液体を吸収する / 《話》(人に)たかる《+『on』(『upon, off』)+『名』〈人〉》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/27 22:28:12」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Artificial fiber sponge: Polyurethane sponge combined with scouring pad.

Animal fiber sponge: A Greek natural sponge.

A sponge is a tool or cleaning aid consisting of soft, porous material. Sponges are usually used for cleaning impervious surfaces. They are especially good at absorbing water and water-based solutions.

Sponges are commonly made from cellulose wood fibers or foamed plastic polymers. Some natural sponges are still sold, but most are now used either as body or facial sponges (bath sponges) or as tools for sponge painting. Bath sponges help cleanse the skin by scraping away the dead skin and washing away dirt.

The three other categories of widely available synthetic sponges are low-density polyether (known as the rainbow packs of non-absorbent sponges), PVA (a highly absorbent material), and polyester.

Polyester sponges are subdivided into a variety of types, some of which are reticulated (artificially broken-in) for ease of use. One type, double-blown polyester, has high water-retention ability approaching or equaling that of PVA sponges, but with visible pores and more diverse uses.

Harboring bacteria

Bacteria from a kitchen sponge

Because it is primarily made of wood fiber, a cellulose sponge can be a medium for the growth of harmful bacteria or fungi, especially when it is allowed to remain wet between uses.

Cleaning sponges

Several methods have been used to clean sponges. Studies have investigated the use of the microwave to clean non-metallic domestic sponges which have been thoroughly wetted. A 2006 study found that microwaving wet sponges for two minutes (at 1000 watt power) removed 99% of coliforms, E. coli and MS2 phages, but Bacillus cereus spores were killed at 4 minutes of microwaving.^[1] After some fires were caused by people trying to replicate the results at home, the study's author urged people to make sure their sponges were wet.^[2] A 2009 study showed that the microwave and the dishwasher were both effective ways to clean domestic sponges.^[3]

Gallery

Natural sponges for sale in Crete
Plant fiber sponge: A luffa sponge whose coarse texture helps with skin scrubbing and exfoliation
A Luffa aegyptiaca sponge section magnified 100 times
A close-up of one corner of a urethane sponge with a top layer used for more intense dish scrubbing
A souvenir made out of an artificial sponge
A close-up of a synthetic sponge's openings

References

^ "Hygiene in the home kitchen: Changes in behaviour and impact of key microbiological hazard control measures". Food Control 35: 392–400. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.026.
^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6293735.stm
^ "Hygiene in the home kitchen: Changes in behaviour and impact of key microbiological hazard control measures". Food Control 35: 392–400. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.026.

External links

Media related to Cleaning sponges at Wikimedia Commons

This tool article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. アスパルトアシラーゼ欠乏症（カナバン病） aspartoacylase deficiency canavan disease
2. 救急外来における膣出血へのアプローチ approach to vaginal bleeding in the emergency department
3. ウィルソン病：疫学および病因 wilson disease epidemiology and pathogenesis
4. ラテックスアレルギー：管理 latex allergy management
5. 卵巣の性索間質腫瘍：セルトリ・間質細胞腫瘍 sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary sertoli stromal cell tumors

English Journal

Collagen cryogel cross-linked by naturally derived dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose.

Tan H1, Wu B2, Li C3, Mu C3, Li H4, Lin W5.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2015 Sep 20;129:17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.029. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
We present the use of a natural derivative, dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) as the cross-linker for the preparation of spongy collagen cryogels by freezing-thawing method. The DCMC has been characterized by laser light scattering (LLS), showing the molecular weight of 2.38×10(5)g/mol. FT-
PMID 26050883

Fabrication method, structure, mechanical, and biological properties of decellularized extracellular matrix for replacement of wide bone tissue defects.

Anisimova NY1, Kiselevsky MV1, Sukhorukova IV2, Shvindina NV3, Shtansky DV4.
Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.J Mech Behav Biomed Mater.2015 Sep;49:255-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.05.009. Epub 2015 May 18.
The present paper was focused on the development of a new method of decellularized extracellular matrix (DECM) fabrication via a chemical treatment of a native bone tissue. Particular attention was paid to the influence of chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of native bones, sterility, a
PMID 26051225

Hybrid wound dressings with controlled release of antibiotics: Structure-release profile effects and in vivo study in a guinea pig burn model.

Zilberman M1, Egozi D2, Shemesh M3, Keren A4, Mazor E3, Baranes-Zeevi M3, Goldstein N4, Berdicevsky I5, Gilhar A5, Ullmann Y4.
Acta biomaterialia.Acta Biomater.2015 Aug;22:155-63. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.029. Epub 2015 Apr 25.
Over the last decades, wound dressings have evolved from a crude traditional gauze dressing to tissue-engineered scaffolds. Many types of wound dressing formats are commercially available or have been investigated. We developed and studied hybrid bilayer wound dressings which combine a drug-loaded p
PMID 25922303

Myocerebrohepatopathy spectrum disorder due to POLG mutations: A clinicopathological report.

Montassir H1, Maegaki Y2, Murayama K3, Yamazaki T4, Kohda M5, Ohtake A4, Iwasa H5, Yatsuka Y6, Okazaki Y7, Sugiura C8, Nagata I9, Toyoshima M10, Saito Y8, Itoh M11, Nishino I12, Ohno K8.
Brain & development.Brain Dev.2015 Aug;37(7):719-24. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.10.013. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
We report on the clinical, neuropathological, and genetic findings of a Japanese case with myocerebrohepatopathy spectrum (MCHS) disorder due to polymerase gamma (POLG) mutations. A girl manifested poor sucking and failure to thrive since 4months of age and had frequent vomiting and developmental re
PMID 25466440