ウイルス性髄膜炎
WordNet
- infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) usually caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea
- relating to or caused by a virus; "viral infection"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 脳膜炎
- ウィルスの;ウィルスが原因の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/26 15:43:01」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Viral meningitis |
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| Viral meningitis causes inflammation of the meninges |
| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
neurology |
| ICD-10 |
G0.2 |
| ICD-9-CM |
321.2 |
| eMedicine |
article/1168529 |
| MeSH |
D008587 |
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[edit on Wikidata]
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Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges (the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord) caused by viral infection. It is also called aseptic meningitis or subsumed under lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) due to its cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test results. Based on clinical symptoms, viral meningitis cannot be differentiated from bacterial meningitis. Both appear as headache, fever, and neck stiffness but viral meningitis has no evidence of bacteria present in CSF. However, viral meningitis is less serious than bacterial meningitis. Therefore, CSF analysis is needed to identify the disease. In general, there are no medications to fight the virus that cause meningitis, so treatment is usually aimed at relieving the patient's symptoms by having a rest and fever-reducing medication.[citation needed]
Most cases are caused by enteroviruses (common stomach viruses).[1][2] However, there is evidence that other viruses can also cause viral meningitis. For instance, West Nile virus, mumps, measles, herpes simplex types I and II, varicella, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus.[2][3]
In the United States from 1988–1999, about 36,000 new cases of viral meningitis occur each year.[4] This disease can occur in both children and adults depending on specific viruses and epidemic area. For example, an outbreak reported in Romania 1996, viral meningitis is more common among adults, as well as a 9-year Spanish study, it was more often seen in patients aged 15 years or older (66.1%; mean 30.2 yo).[5] While, patients aged younger than 15 (mean 5.9 yo) was seen 33.8% of all cases.[5] In contrast to a study in Finland 1966 and the outbreaks in Cyprus 1996, Gaza 1997, China 1998 and Taiwan 1998, the incidences of viral meningitis were more common among children.[6][7][8][9]
Contents
- 1 Signs and symptoms
- 2 Causes
- 3 Diagnosis
- 4 Treatment
- 5 References
Signs and symptoms
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This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2016) |
Causes
Causative organisms of viral meningitis include:[10]
- Enteroviruses
- Enterovirus 71
- Echovirus
- Poliovirus (PV1, PV2, PV3)
- Coxsackie A virus (CAV); also causes Hand foot and mouth disease
- Herpesviridae (HHV)
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 / HHV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2 / HHV-2); also cause cold sores or genital herpes
- Varicella zoster (VZV / HHV-3); also causes chickenpox and shingles (herpes zoster)
- Epstein–Barr virus (EBV / HHV-4); also causes infectious mononucleosis/"mono"
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV / HHV-5)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); causes AIDS
- La Crosse virus
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
- Measles
- Mumps
- St. Louis Encephalitis virus
- West Nile virus
Diagnosis
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This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2016) |
Treatment
Herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus and cytomegalovirus have a specific antiviral therapy; most other viruses do not. For HSV the treatment of choice is acyclovir.[11]
References
- ^ "Epidemiology". Alaska Department of Health and Social Services.
- ^ a b Logan, SA; MacMahon, E (Jan 5, 2008). "Viral meningitis.". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 336 (7634): 36–40. doi:10.1136/bmj.39409.673657.ae. PMC 2174764. PMID 18174598.
- ^ "Acute Communicable Disease Control". lacounty.gov.
- ^ Khetsuriani, N; Quiroz, ES; Holman, RC; Anderson, LJ (Nov–Dec 2003). "Viral meningitis-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 1988–1999.". Neuroepidemiology. 22 (6): 345–52. doi:10.1159/000072924. PMID 14557685.
- ^ a b Jiménez Caballero, PE; Muñoz Escudero, F; Murcia Carretero, S; Verdú Pérez, A (Oct 2011). "Descriptive analysis of viral meningitis in a general hospital: differences in the characteristics between children and adults.". Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain). 26 (8): 468–73. doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2010.12.004. PMID 21349608.
- ^ Rantakallio, P; Leskinen, M; von Wendt, L (1986). "Incidence and prognosis of central nervous system infections in a birth cohort of 12,000 children.". Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. 18 (4): 287–94. doi:10.3109/00365548609032339. PMID 3764348.
- ^ "1998—Enterovirus Outbreak in Taiwan, China—update no. 2". WHO.
- ^ "1997—Viral meningitis in Gaza". WHO.
- ^ "1996—Viral meningitis in Cyprus". WHO.
- ^ Viral Meningitis at eMedicine
- ^ Tyler KL (June 2004). "Herpes simplex virus infections of the central nervous system: encephalitis and meningitis, including Mollaret's". Herpes. 11 (Suppl 2): 57A–64A. PMID 15319091.
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Infectious diseases – viral systemic diseases (A80–B34, 042–079)
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| Oncovirus |
- DNA virus
- HBV
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HPV
- Cervical cancer
- Anal cancer
- Penile cancer
- Vulvar cancer
- Vaginal cancer
- Oropharyngeal cancer
- KSHV
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- EBV
- Nasopharynx cancer
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
- Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
- MCPyV
- Merkel-cell carcinoma
- RNA virus
- HCV
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
- HTLV-I
- Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
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| Immune disorders |
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Central
nervous system |
Encephalitis/
meningitis |
- DNA virus
- JCV
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- RNA virus
- MeV
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- LCV
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
- Arbovirus encephalitis
- Orthomyxoviridae (probable)
- Encephalitis lethargica
- RV
- Rabies
- Chandipura virus
- Herpesviral meningitis
- Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
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| Myelitis |
- Poliovirus
- Poliomyelitis
- Post-polio syndrome
- HTLV-I
- Tropical spastic paraparesis
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| Eye |
- Cytomegalovirus
- Cytomegalovirus retinitis
- HSV
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| Cardiovascular |
|
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Respiratory system/
acute viral nasopharyngitis/
viral pneumonia |
| DNA virus |
- Epstein–Barr virus
- EBV infection/Infectious mononucleosis
- Cytomegalovirus
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| RNA virus |
- IV: SARS coronavirus
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome
- V: Orthomyxoviridae: Influenzavirus A/B/C
- Influenza/Avian influenza
- V, Paramyxoviridae: Human parainfluenza viruses
- RSV
- hMPV
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| Human digestive system |
| Pharynx/Esophagus |
- MuV
- Cytomegalovirus
- Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
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Gastroenteritis/
diarrhea |
- DNA virus
- Adenovirus
- Adenovirus infection
- RNA virus
- Rotavirus
- Norovirus
- Astrovirus
- Coronavirus
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| Hepatitis |
- DNA virus
- HBV (B)
- RNA virus
- CBV
- HAV (A)
- HCV (C)
- HDV (D)
- HEV (E)
- HGV (G)
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| Pancreatitis |
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| Urogenital |
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Meningitis and other diseases of meninges (G00–G03, 320–322)
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| Meningitis |
- Arachnoiditis
- Bacterial
- Tuberculous
- Haemophilus
- Pneumococcal
- Viral
- Fungal
- Aseptic
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| Other |
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Performance of Surveillance Case Definitions in Detecting Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Young Children Hospitalized With Severe Respiratory Illness-South Africa, 2009-2014.
- Rha B1, Dahl RM1,2, Moyes J3,4, Binder AM1,5, Tempia S6,7, Walaza S3,4, Bi D1, Groome MJ8,9, Variava E10,11,12, Naby F13, Kahn K14,15,16, Treurnicht F3, Cohen AL6,7,17, Gerber SI1, Madhi SA3,8,9, Cohen C3,4.
- Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc.2018 Jun 21. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy055. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 29931284
- A Pilot Study Evaluating Cerebral Vasculitis in Kawasaki's Disease.
- Yeom JS1,2, Cho YH1, Koo CM3, Jun JS2, Park JS1,2, Park ES1,2, Seo JH1,2, Lim JY1,2, Woo HO1,2, Youn HS1,2.
- Neuropediatrics.Neuropediatrics.2018 Jun 18. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1660855. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 29913529
- Knowledge gaps persist and hinder progress in eliminating mumps.
- Ramanathan R1, Voigt EA1, Kennedy RB1, Poland GA2.
- Vaccine.Vaccine.2018 Jun 18;36(26):3721-3726. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.067. Epub 2018 May 18.
- PMID 29784466
Japanese Journal
- The use of ventriculoperitoneal shunts for uncontrollable intracranial hypertension in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis with or without hydrocephalus
- うっ血乳頭が先行した急性散在性脳脊髄炎による視神経炎の1例
- TNF-α Acts as an Immunoregulator in the Mouse Brain by Reducing the Incidence of Severe Disease Following Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
Related Links
- Viral meningitis occurs most often in children. Most cases of viral meningitis are relatively mild, with symptoms of headache, fever and general ill feeling, and those affected recover without medical treatment. ... What are meningitis ...
- Welcome to viralMeningitis.org your Viral Meningitis health information resource guide for prevention, treatment and cures ... Viral meningitis, also known as aseptic meningitis is an infection of the brain ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- viral meningitis
- 同
- 無菌性髄膜炎
- 関
- viral meningoencephalitis、髄膜炎
疫学
- 発症例：2000-8000/年。髄膜炎全体の約2割を占める。
- 好発年齢：全年齢。特に小児に多い。
病原体
- 頻度：エンテロウイルス(66%)、ムンプスウイルス(5.1%)、単純ヘルペスウイルス＆HBウイルス(2.1%)、麻疹ウイルス(1.5%)、水痘ウイルス(1.1%)、風疹ウイルス(1%)、インフルエンザウイルス(0.9%)、アデノウイルス(0.9%)、肺炎マイコプラズマ(0.6%)、パルボウイルス(0.2%)、MCLSなど(1.1%)、その他の無菌性髄膜炎(19.5%) (IMD.1045)
- 上記の他にHIVでも生じうる(HIV髄膜炎)。
- エンテロウイルス：夏～秋に流行するが、年中あり得る。流行する年や地域性との関連がある。糞口感染。新生児～乳幼児の感染が多い(糞口感染への免疫力が低い？)。
検査
免疫血清検査
- 末梢血：ウイルス抗原陽性
- 髄液 ：ウイルス抗原陽性
髄液所見
- 細胞：10-1000/ulの細胞増多で、単核球優位 ： 正常：0-5 /ul
- 蛋白：ごく軽度の増加(正常～100mg/dL) ： 正常：15-45/mg/dl
- 糖 ：正常 ： 正常：50-80/mg/dl
予後
[★]
- 関
- virally、virogenic、virus
