WordNet
- slip or fall out of place, as of body parts; "prolapsed rectum"
- the slipping or falling out of place of an organ (as the uterus) (同)prolapsus, descensus
- the lower part of the female reproductive tract; a moist canal in female mammals extending from the labia minora to the uterus; "the vagina receives the penis during coitus"; "the vagina is elastic enough to allow the passage of a fetus"
- of or relating to the vagina; "vaginal suppository"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (腸・子宮などの)脱出,下垂
- 膣
- 膣の(に関する)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/10/22 01:51:55」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Female Genital prolapse / Pelvic organ prolapse |
Classification and external resources |
Specialty |
Gynecology |
ICD-10 |
N81 |
ICD-9-CM |
618 |
DiseasesDB |
25265 |
MeSH |
D014596 |
Female genital prolapse (or vaginal prolapse or pelvic organ prolapse) is characterized by a portion of the vaginal canal protruding (prolapsing) from the opening of the vagina. The condition usually occurs when the pelvic floor collapses as a result of childbirth or heavy lifting which can tear soft tissues, i.e. herniating fascia membranes so that the vaginal wall collapses, resulting in cystocele, rectocele or both. Remediation typically involves dietary and lifestyle changes, physical therapy, or surgery.
Contents
- 1 Types
- 2 Grading
- 2.1 Shaw's System
- 2.2 Baden-Walker
- 2.3 POP-Q
- 3 Management
- 4 Epidemiology
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Types
- Cystocele (bladder into vagina)
- Enterocele (small intestine into vagina)
- Rectocele (rectum into vagina)
- Urethrocele (urethra into vagina)
- Uterine prolapse (uterus into vagina)
- Vaginal vault prolapse (roof of vagina) - after hysterectomy
The term uterovaginal prolapse is sometimes defined as any or several of the above,[1] and sometimes as uterine prolapse specifically.[2]
Grading
Pelvic organ prolapses are graded either via the Baden-Walker System, Shaw's System, or the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) System.[3]
Shaw's System
Anterior wall
- Upper 2/3 cystocele
- Lower 1/3 urethrocele
Posterior wall
- Upper 1/3 enterocele
- Middle 1/3 rectocele
- Lower 1/3 deficient perenium
Uterine prolapse
- Grade 0 Normal position
- Grade 1 descent into vagina not reaching introitus
- Grade 2 descent up to the introitus
- Grade 3 descent outside the introitus
- Grade 4 Procidentia
Baden-Walker
Baden-Walker System for the Evaluation of Pelvic Organ Prolapse on Physical Examination
Grade |
posterior urethral descent, lowest part other sites |
0 |
normal position for each respective site |
1 |
descent halfway to the hymen |
2 |
descent to the hymen |
3 |
descent halfway past the hymen |
4 |
maximum possible descent for each site |
POP-Q
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q)
Stage |
description |
0 |
No prolapse anterior and posterior points are all -3 cm, and C or D is between -TVL and -(TVL-2) cm. |
1 |
The criteria for stage 0 are not met, and the most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm above the level of the hymen (less than -1 cm). |
2 |
The most distal prolapse if between 1 cm above and 1 cm below the hymen (at least one point is -1, 0, or +1). |
3 |
The most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm below the hymen but no further than 2 cm less than TVL. |
4 |
Represents complete procidentia or vault eversion; the most distal prolapse protrudes to at least (TVL-2) cm. |
Management
Vaginal prolapses are treated according to the severity of symptoms. They can be treated:
- With conservative measures (changes in diet and fitness, Kegel exercises, etc.)[citation needed]
- With surgery (for example colpocleisis). Surgery is used to treat symptoms such as bowel or urinary problems, pain, or a prolapse sensation. A Cochrane Collaboration review[4] found that limited data are available on optimal surgical approaches, including the use of transvaginal surgical mesh devices, in the form of a patch or sling, similar to its implementation for abdominal hernia. However, the use of a transvaginal mesh in treating vaginal prolapses is associated with side effects including pain, infection, and organ perforation. According to the FDA, serious complications are "not rare."[5] A number of class action lawsuits have been filed and settled against several manufacturers of TVM devices.[6]
Epidemiology
Genital prolapse occurs in about 316 million women worldwide as of 2010 (9.3% of all females).[7]
See also
References
- ^ Vierhout ME (December 2004). "[Diagnosis of uterovaginal prolapse]". Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (in Dutch and Flemish) 148 (49): 2432–6. PMID 15626307.
- ^ Monga, Ash (2011). Gynaecology. London: Hodder/Arnold. ISBN 0-340-98354-X.
- ^ "ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 85: Pelvic organ prolapse". Obstet Gynecol 110 (3): 717–29. September 2007. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000263925.97887.72. PMID 17766624.
- ^ Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Adams EJ, Hagen S, Glazener CM (2010). "Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4): CD004014. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004014.pub4. PMID 20393938.
- ^ "UPDATE on Serious Complications Associated with Transvaginal Placement of Surgical Mesh for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: FDA Safety Communication". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 13 July 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
- ^ "Women Implanted with Transvaginal Mesh Suffer from Painful, Permanent Injuries". Parker Waichman LLP. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
- ^ Vos, T (Dec 15, 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.". Lancet 380 (9859): 2163–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMID 23245607.
External links
- Selected abstracts from recent medical literature on vaginal and uterine prolapse
Female diseases of the pelvis and genitals (N70–N99, 614–629)
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Internal |
Adnexa |
Ovary |
- Endometriosis of ovary
- Female infertility
- Anovulation
- Poor ovarian reserve
- Mittelschmerz
- Oophoritis
- Ovarian apoplexy
- Ovarian cyst
- Corpus luteum cyst
- Follicular cyst of ovary
- Theca lutein cyst
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- Ovarian torsion
|
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Fallopian tube |
- Female infertility
- Fallopian tube obstruction
- Hematosalpinx
- Hydrosalpinx
- Salpingitis
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Uterus |
Endometrium |
- Asherman's syndrome
- Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- Endometrial hyperplasia
- Endometrial polyp
- Endometriosis
- Endometritis
|
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menstruation |
- flow
- Amenorrhoea
- Hypomenorrhea
- Oligomenorrhea
- pain
- timing
- Menometrorrhagia
- Menorrhagia
- Metrorrhagia
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|
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Myometrium |
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Parametrium |
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Cervix |
- Cervical dysplasia
- Cervical incompetence
- Cervical polyp
- Cervicitis
- Female infertility
- Nabothian cyst
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General |
- Hematometra / Pyometra
- Retroverted uterus
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Vagina |
- Hematocolpos / Hydrocolpos
- Leukorrhea / Vaginal discharge
- Vaginitis
- Atrophic vaginitis
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Candidal vulvovaginitis
|
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Sexual dysfunction |
- Dyspareunia
- Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- Sexual arousal disorder
- Vaginismus
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- Fistulae
- Rectovaginal
- Vesicovaginal
- Prolapse
- Cystocele
- Enterocele
- Rectocele
- Sigmoidocele
- Urethrocele
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Other / general |
- Pelvic congestion syndrome
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
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External |
Vulva |
- Bartholin's cyst
- Kraurosis vulvae
- Vestibular papillomatosis
- Vulvitis
- Vulvodynia
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Clitoral hood or Clitoris |
- Clitoral phimosis
- Clitorism
|
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Index of reproductive medicine
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Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
- sex determination and differentiation
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Disease |
- Infections
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- male
- female
- gonadal
- germ cell
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- benign prostatic hypertrophy
- erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation
- sexual dysfunction
- infection
- hormones
- androgens
- estrogens
- progestogens
- GnRH
- prolactin
- Assisted reproduction
- Birth control
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Vaginal sacrocolporectopexy for the surgical treatment of uterine and vaginal vault prolapses: confirmation of the surgical method and perioperative results of 101 cases.
- Hertel H, Grüßner S, Kotsis S, Hillemanns P.SourceClinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Hannover, Carl-Neubergstr. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany, hertel.hermann@mh-hannover.de.
- Archives of gynecology and obstetrics.Arch Gynecol Obstet.2012 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print]
- PURPOSE: In this study, we sought to confirm the surgical method of vaginal sacrocolporectopexy and previously reported positive perioperative results of this procedure in a large patient group. We describe the approach which offers a vaginal, safe alternative to sacrospinous repair, laparoscopic or
- PMID 22854876
Japanese Journal
- 経腟メッシュ手術(TVM)と下部尿路機能障害 (特集 女性下部尿路機能障害のベストマネジメント) -- (骨盤臓器脱の新しい術式と下部尿路機能障害)
- 山中 弥太郎,大日方 大亮,五十嵐 智博 [他]
- 臨床泌尿器科 = Japanese journal of clinical urology 69(3), 284-290, 2015-03
- NAID 40020382119
- 稀な巨大会陰Angiomyofibroblastomaの1例
- 柴田 佳久
- 日本大腸肛門病学会雑誌 68(6), 413-418, 2015
- 会陰部は婦人科臓器と消化管臓器が近接し,多種疾患が存在する.婦人科を初診し直腸脱を疑われ紹介されたAngiomyofibroblastomaの1例を経験した.50歳,女性.2年前より膣から腫瘤が突出していた.腫瘤の増大にて婦人科を受診し直腸脱を疑われた.腫瘤は可動性のある径12cmで膣後壁より発生し膣外へ露出する腫瘍で,直腸前壁筋層とともに膣後壁部分合併切除にて腫瘤切除を施行した.切除病理診断はA …
- NAID 130005072924
Related Links
- Learn more from WebMD about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments of pelvic organ prolapse, a condition in which organs may begin to fall out of their normal positions due to weakening pelvic muscles ...
- Vaginal prolapse is a condition in which the vagina or structures near it begin to prolapse, or fall out of normal position. Causes of vaginal prolapse include childbirth, menopause, and hysterectomy.
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- vaginal eversion
- 同
- 腟脱出症 vaginal prolapse、腟ヘルニア vaginal hernia
[★]
- 関
- aberration、departure、deviate、deviation、diverge、escape、hernia
[★]
- 関
- herniated
- prolapsed true hemorrhoids. internal hemorrhoids
[★]
- 関
- vagina、vaginalis