WordNet

grow in a special preparation; "the biologist grows microorganisms"
(biology) the growing of microorganisms in a nutrient medium (such as gelatin or agar); "the culture of cells in a Petri dish"
the raising of plants or animals; "the culture of oysters"
a particular society at a particular time and place; "early Mayan civilization" (同)civilization, civilisation
the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization; "the developing drug culture"; "the reason that the agency is doomed to inaction has something to do with the FBI culture"
the tastes in art and manners that are favored by a social group
liquid excretory product; "there was blood in his urine"; "the child had to make water" (同)piss, pee, piddle, weewee, water

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〈U〉『教養』;修養;教化 / 〈C〉〈U〉『文化』(主として精神面をさし,生活・習慣・物の考え方などを含む)Greek cultureギリシア文化 / 〈U〉(…の)『耕作』;『栽培』,養殖,培養《+『of』+『名』》
尿,小便
教養のある,洗練された,上品な / 栽培(養殖)された

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/12 05:58:55」(JST)

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In medicine, bacteriuria denotes the presence of bacteria in urine not due to contamination from urine sample collection.

Overview

Urine is normally a sterile bodily fluid when inside the bladder, but can pick up commensals and pathogens when exiting through the urethra. Bacteria in the urine, especially gram-negative rods, usually indicate a urinary tract infection (either cystitis or pyelonephritis), although bacteriuria can also occur in prostatitis. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium isolated from urine samples.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is bacteriuria without accompanying symptoms of a urinary tract infection (such as frequent urination, painful urination or fever). It is more common in women, in the elderly, in residents of long-term care facilities, and in patients with diabetes, bladder catheters and spinal cord injuries. Patients with a long-term Foley catheter uniformly show bacteriuria.

Prevalences of asymptomatic bacteriuria^[1]
Group		Prevalence (in %)
Healthy premenopausal women		1.0 to 5.0
Pregnant women		1.9 to 9.5
Postmenopausal women (50 to 70 years of age)		2.8 to 8.6
Patients with diabetes mellitus	Women	9.0 to 27.0
Patients with diabetes mellitus	Men	0.7 to 1.0
Older community-dwelling patients	Women (older than 70 years)	> 15.0
Older community-dwelling patients	Men	3.6 to 19.0
Older long-term care residents	Women	25.0 to 50.0
Older long-term care residents	Men	15.0 to 40.0
Patients with spinal cord injury	Intermittent catheter	23.0 to 89.0
Patients with spinal cord injury	Sphincterotomy and condom catheter	57.0
Patients undergoing hemodialysis		28.0
Patients with an indwelling urinary catheter	Short-term	9.0 to 23.0
Patients with an indwelling urinary catheter	Long-term	100

Diagnosis

Bacteria can be detected with a urine dipstick test for urinary nitrite or by urinary microscopy, although bacterial culture remains the most specific and formal test (the gold standard). Bacteriuria can be confirmed if a single bacterial species is isolated in a concentration greater than 100,000 colony forming units per millilitre of urine in clean-catch midstream urine specimens (one for men, two consecutive specimens with the same bacterium for women). For urine collected via bladder catheterisation, the threshold is 100 colony forming units of a single species per millilitre. The threshold is also 100 colony forming units of a single species per millilitre for women displaying UTI symptoms.^[2]

Treatment

The presence of simultaneous pyuria does not warrant treatment by itself.

Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria with urine culture and treatment with antibiotics is recommended during pregnancy, because it significantly reduces symptomatic urinary tract infections, low birth weight, and preterm delivery.^[3]^[4]

This has not been proven for older people or people with diabetes, bladder catheters or spinal cord injuries.^[5]^[6]

Kidney transplant recipients, children with vesicoureteral reflux or others with structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, people with infected kidney stones and those who are having urological procedures might be more likely to benefit from treatment with antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria.^[7]

References

^ [1] Colgan, R.; Nicolle, L. E.; McGlone, A.; Hooton, T. M. (2006). "Asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults". American family physician 74 (6): 985–990. PMID 17002033. edit
^ Sam, Amir H.; James T.H. Teo (2010). Rapid Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1-4051-8323-3.
^ Lin K, Fajardo K (July 2008). "Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults: evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement". Ann. Intern. Med. 149 (1): W20–4. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-1-200807010-00009-w1. PMID 18591632.
^ Smaill F, Vazquez JC. Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD000490. PMID 17443502
^ Colgan R, Nicolle LE, McGlone A, Hooton TM. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2006;74(6):985-90. PMID 17002033
^ For information about older people only, American Geriatrics Society, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation (American Geriatrics Society), retrieved August 1, 2013 , which cites
- Nordenstam, G. R.; Brandberg, C. Å.; Odén, A. S.; Svanborg Edén, C. M.; Svanborg, A. (1986). "Bacteriuria and Mortality in an Elderly Population". New England Journal of Medicine 314 (18): 1152–1156. doi:10.1056/NEJM198605013141804. PMID 3960089.
- Nicolle, L. E.; Mayhew, W. J.; Bryan, L. (1987). "Prospective randomized comparison of therapy and no therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria in institutionalized elderly women". The American journal of medicine 83 (1): 27–33. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90493-1. PMID 3300325.
- Juthani-Mehta, M. (2007). "Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infection in Older Adults". Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 23 (3): 585–594, vii. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2007.03.001. PMID 17631235.
- Nicolle, L. E.; Bradley, S.; Colgan, R.; Rice, J. C.; Schaeffer, A.; Hooton, T. M. (2005). "Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases 40 (5): 643–654. doi:10.1086/427507. PMID 15714408.
^ Asymptomatic bacteriuria from Medline Plus. Updated May 26, 2006, retrieved January 28, 2008.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人の尿路感染症の診断における排出尿採取および評価 sampling and evaluation of voided urine in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in adults
2. 乳児および1ヶ月以上の小児における尿路感染症：臨床的特徴および診断 urinary tract infections in infants and children older than one month clinical features and diagnosis
3. 女性における急性単純性膀胱炎および腎盂腎炎 acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women
4. 新生児における尿路感染症 urinary tract infections in newborns
5. 男性における急性単純性膀胱炎、腎盂腎炎、および無症候性細菌尿 acute uncomplicated cystitis pyelonephritis and asymptomatic bacteriuria in men

English Journal

DNA Functionalized Direct Electro-deposited Gold nanoaggregates for Efficient Detection of Salmonella typhi.

Singh A1, Choudhary M2, Singh MP2, Verma HN3, Singh SP4, Arora K5.
Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Bioelectrochemistry.2015 Oct;105:7-15. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.03.005. Epub 2015 Apr 8.
Direct electro-deposition of gold nano-aggregates (GNAs) was carried out to fabricate electrochemical DNA biosensor for the detection of Salmonella typhi in urine and blood samples. Size of depositing GNAs was controlled by regulating electro-deposition parameters at physiological pH. This facilitat
PMID 25917793

Key demographic characteristics of patients with bacteriuria due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a multiethnic community, in North West London.

Gopal Rao G1, Batura D, Batura N, Nielsen PB.
Infectious diseases (London, England).Infect Dis (Lond).2015 Oct;47(10):723-8. doi: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1055588. Epub 2015 Jun 16.
BACKGROUND: Infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE) are encountered worldwide, particularly in certain regions of the world and in certain ethnic groups. Simple criteria for identification of patients likely to be infected with ESBLE may enable clinician
PMID 26077035

Presence of leptospires on genital tract of mares with reproductive problems.

Hamond C1, Pestana CP2, Rocha-de-Souza CM2, Cunha LE3, Brandão FZ4, Medeiros MA2, Lilenbaum W5.
Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2015 Sep 30;179(3-4):264-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.06.014. Epub 2015 Jul 17.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance, and has a worldwide distribution. Equine leptospirosis is commonly manifested by recurrent uveitis, reproductive disorders, as abortions, embryonic absorption, stillbirth and the birth of weak foals. The aim of this study was to verify the pr
PMID 26211968

Japanese Journal

Diagnostic Accuracy of Recombinant Immunoglobulin-like Protein A-Based IgM ELISA for the Early Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in the Philippines

Kitashoji Emi,Koizumi Nobuo,Lacuesta Talitha Lea V.,Usuda Daisuke,Ribo Maricel R.,Tria Edith S.,Go Winston S.,Kojiro Maiko,Parry Christopher M.,Dimaano Efren M.,Villarama Jose B.,Ohnishi Makoto,Suzuki Motoi,Ariyoshi Koya
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9(6), e0003879, 2015-06-25
… Plasma and urine were collected on admission and/or at discharge and tested using the LigA-IgM ELISA and a whole cellbased IgM ELISA. … Sensitivity and specificity of these tests were evaluated with cases diagnosed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT), culture and LAMP as the composite reference standard and blood bank donors as healthy controls: the mean+3 standard deviation optical density value of healthy controls was used as the cut-off limit (0.062 for the LigA-IgM ELISA and 0.691 for the whole cell-based IgM ELISA). …
NAID 120005624095

維持血液透析患者における膿尿および尿細菌培養所見の検討

中井靖,影林頼明,松本吉弘 [他],福井真二,柏井浩希,北内誉敬,塩田隆子,望月祐司,三馬省二
日本透析医学会雑誌 48(8), 471-475, 2015
【目的】尿路感染症症状のない無症候性透析患者の尿所見を検討した. 【方法】3か月以上血液透析を行っている患者で明らかな尿路感染症状のない患者54名を対象とし, 尿沈渣および一般細菌培養の所見を検討した. 対象の平均年齢は65.1歳, 平均透析期間は46.4月で, 糖尿病性腎症が原疾患の患者は23例であった. 【結果】沈渣で白血球数が5/HPF以上の膿尿患者は20例 (37.0%) で, 菌数が10 …
NAID 130005095173

神経難病在宅調整入院患者の耐性菌保菌状況のアクティブ・サーベイランス

原弘士,加藤英明,永井徹
日本環境感染学会誌 30(3), 183-188, 2015
神経難病在宅調整入院(レスパイト入院)患者における，耐性菌の保菌状況を調査した．観察期間(2010年4月から2014年8月)中の対象患者は26人で，このうち喀痰からは20人に，尿からは24人に定着菌を検出した．菌種別には，Staphylococcus aureusの定着は8人(30.8%，うち喀痰5人，尿4人)に認め，6人(75.0%)がメチシリン耐性であった．Escherichia coli …
NAID 130005093416

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「尿培養」
関連記事	「culture」

「尿培養」

Bacteriuria
	Classification and external resources
	Multiple rod-shaped bacteria shown between the larger white blood cells at urinary microscopy from a patient with urinary tract infection.
MedlinePlus	000520

　　[★]

英: urine culture, bacterial culture from urine

「culture」

　　[★]

n.

文化、培地

[1] [1] Colgan, R.; Nicolle, L. E.; McGlone, A.; Hooton, T. M. (2006). "Asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults". American family physician 74 (6): 985–990. PMID 17002033. edit

[2] Sam, Amir H.; James T.H. Teo (2010). Rapid Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1-4051-8323-3.

[USPSTF-3] Lin K, Fajardo K (July 2008). "Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults: evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement". Ann. Intern. Med. 149 (1): W20–4. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-1-200807010-00009-w1. PMID 18591632.

[Cochrane-4] Smaill F, Vazquez JC. Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD000490. PMID 17443502

[AmFamPhys-5] Colgan R, Nicolle LE, McGlone A, Hooton TM. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2006;74(6):985-90. PMID 17002033

[AGSfive-6] For information about older people only, American Geriatrics Society, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation (American Geriatrics Society), retrieved August 1, 2013 , which cites

Nordenstam, G. R.; Brandberg, C. Å.; Odén, A. S.; Svanborg Edén, C. M.; Svanborg, A. (1986). "Bacteriuria and Mortality in an Elderly Population". New England Journal of Medicine 314 (18): 1152–1156. doi:10.1056/NEJM198605013141804. PMID 3960089.

Nicolle, L. E.; Mayhew, W. J.; Bryan, L. (1987). "Prospective randomized comparison of therapy and no therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria in institutionalized elderly women". The American journal of medicine 83 (1): 27–33. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90493-1. PMID 3300325.

Juthani-Mehta, M. (2007). "Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infection in Older Adults". Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 23 (3): 585–594, vii. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2007.03.001. PMID 17631235.

Nicolle, L. E.; Bradley, S.; Colgan, R.; Rice, J. C.; Schaeffer, A.; Hooton, T. M. (2005). "Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases 40 (5): 643–654. doi:10.1086/427507. PMID 15714408.

[7] Nordenstam, G. R.; Brandberg, C. Å.; Odén, A. S.; Svanborg Edén, C. M.; Svanborg, A. (1986). "Bacteriuria and Mortality in an Elderly Population". New England Journal of Medicine 314 (18): 1152–1156. doi:10.1056/NEJM198605013141804. PMID 3960089.

[8] Nicolle, L. E.; Mayhew, W. J.; Bryan, L. (1987). "Prospective randomized comparison of therapy and no therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria in institutionalized elderly women". The American journal of medicine 83 (1): 27–33. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90493-1. PMID 3300325.

[9] Juthani-Mehta, M. (2007). "Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infection in Older Adults". Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 23 (3): 585–594, vii. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2007.03.001. PMID 17631235.

[10] Nicolle, L. E.; Bradley, S.; Colgan, R.; Rice, J. C.; Schaeffer, A.; Hooton, T. M. (2005). "Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases 40 (5): 643–654. doi:10.1086/427507. PMID 15714408.

[MedlinePlus-7] Asymptomatic bacteriuria from Medline Plus. Updated May 26, 2006, retrieved January 28, 2008.

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案内

urine culture