upper arm bone

• 上腕骨

関

humeral、humerus

WordNet

1. bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow
2. any projection that is thought to resemble a human arm; "the arm of the record player"; "an arm of the sea"; "a branch of the sewer" (同)branch, limb
3. the part of an armchair or sofa that supports the elbow and forearm of a seated person
4. supply with arms; "The U.S. armed the freedom fighters in Afghanistan"
5. a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb
6. prepare oneself for a military confrontation; "The U.S. is girding for a conflict in the Middle East"; "troops are building up on the Iraqi border" (同)build_up, fortify, gird
7. remove the bones from; "bone the turkey before roasting it" (同)debone
8. the porous calcified substance from which bones are made (同)osseous_tissue
9. consisting of or made up of bone; "a bony substance"; "the bony framework of the body"
10. a shade of white the color of bleached bones (同)ivory, pearl, off-white
11. rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates (同)os
12. the topmost one of two
13. piece of leather or synthetic material that forms the part of a shoe or boot above the sole that encases the foot; "Uppers come in many styles"
14. higher in place or position; "the upper bunk"; "in the upper center of the picture"; "the upper stories"
15. superior in rank or accomplishment; "the upper half of the class"
16. having arms or arms as specified; used especially in combination; "the many-armed goddess Shiva"
17. (used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms; "armed robbery"
18. (used of plants and animals) furnished with bristles and thorns
19. having bones as specified; "his lanky long-boned body"
20. having had the bones removed; "a boneless rib roast"; "a boned (or deboned) fish" (同)deboned

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (人・動物の)上腕骨
2. (人・猿の)『腕』;(四つ足の動物の前肢の)腕(手首から肩までの間;手はhand) / 腕のような物;(特に)いすのひじ掛け,樹の大枝
3. 〈C〉《通例複数形で》『武器』,『兵器』 / 〈C〉(特別な行動をする)部局,支部,支局 / (また『coat of arms』)〈C〉《通列複数形で》(国・会社・学校・家の)紋章 / (…で)…'を'『武装させる』《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (必要・有用なもので)〈人〉'を'防備させる,堅固にする《+『名』〈人〉+『with』+『名』》 / (…に)武装して備える,武装する《+『for(『against』)+『名』》 / (…で)防備する,身を固める《+『with』+『名』》
4. 〈C〉骨 / 〈U〉骨を作っている物質,骨質 / 《複数形で》骨格;死骸(がい) / 〈魚など〉‘の'骨を取る
5. (場所・位置が)『上のほうの』,上部の / 『上級の』,上位の / 奥地の,上流の / 靴の甲皮(こうがわ)(かかとより上の部分) / 覚醒剤（これの反意語はdowner：鎮静剤）
6. 武装した / (ある目的のために)用意した
7. (魚など)骨を取り除いた / (衣服が)(コルセットなどで)骨で張りをつけた[ような]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/08 10:54:25」(JST)

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Humerus
Position of humerus (shown in red). Anterior view.
Upper extremity
Latin	Humerus
Gray's	p.209
MeSH	Humerus
TA	A02.4.04.001
FMA	FMA:13303
Anatomical terms of bone

The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; ME from Latin humerus, umerus upper arm, shoulder; cf. Gothic ams shoulder, Greek ōmos. Plural: humeri) is a long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.

Anatomically, in modern humans, it connects the scapula and the lower arm (consisting of the radius and ulna), and consists of three sections. The upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). Its body is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea & capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to commonly get fractured, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.

Structure

Articulations

At the shoulder, the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. More distally, at the elbow, the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius, and the trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

Diagram of the human shoulder joint  The left shoulder and acromioclavicular joints, and the proper ligaments of the scapula.  Head of humerus  The supinator.

Nerves

The axillary nerve is located at the proximal end, against the shoulder girdle. Dislocation of the humerus's glenohumeral joint, has the potential to injure the axillary nerve or the axillary artery. Signs and symptoms of this dislocation include a loss of the normal shoulder contour and a palpable depression under the acromion.

The radial nerve follows the humerus closely. At the midshaft of the humerus, the radial nerve travels from the posterior to the anterior aspect of the bone in the spiral groove. A fracture of the humerus in this region can result in radial nerve injury.

The ulnar nerve at the distal end of the humerus near the elbow is sometimes referred to in popular culture as 'the funny bone'. Striking this nerve can cause a tingling sensation ("funny" feeling), and sometimes a significant amount of pain. It lies posterior to the medial epicondyle, and is easily damaged in elbow injuries.

Horizontal section at the middle of upper arm.  Horizontal section of upper arm.  Humerus

Function

Muscular attachment

The deltoid originates on the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and the crest of the spine of the scapula. It is inserted on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus and has several actions including abduction, extension, and circumduction of the shoulder. The supraspinatus also originates on the spine of the scapula. It inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus, and assists in abduction of the shoulder.

The pectoralis major, teres major, and latissimus dorsi insert at the intertubercular groove of the humerus. They work to adduct and medially, or internally, rotate the humerus.

The infraspinatus and teres minor insert on the greater tubercle, and work to laterally, or externally, rotate the humerus. In contrast, the subscapularis muscle inserts onto the lesser tubercle and works to medially, or internally, rotate the humerus.

The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis (which attaches distally) act to flex the elbow. (The biceps do not attach to the humerus.) The triceps brachii and anconeus extend the elbow, and attach to the posterior side of the humerus.

The four muscles of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis form a musculo-ligamentous girdle called the rotator cuff. This cuff stabilizes the very mobile but inherently unstable glenohumeral joint. The other muscles are used as counterbalances for the actions of lifting/pulling and pressing/pushing.

Left humerus. Anterior view.

A. Supraspinatus muscle B. Latissimus dorsi muscle C. Pectoralis major muscle D. Deltoid muscle E. Brachioradialis F. Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle G. Common extensor tendon H. Subscapularis muscle I. Teres major muscle J. Coracobrachialis muscle K. Brachialis muscle L. Pronator teres muscle M. Common flexor tendon

Left humerus. Posterior view.

Clinical significance

Fracture

Main article: Humerus fracture

In other animals

Primitive fossil amphibians had little, if any, shaft connecting the upper and lower extremities, making their limbs very short. In most living tetrapods, however, the humerus has a similar form to that of humans. In many reptiles and some primitive mammals, the lower extremity includes a large foramen, or opening, into which nerves and blood vessels pass.

Additional images

• Position of humerus (shown in red). Animation.

• Left humerus. Animation.

• Human arm bones diagram.

• Humerus - inferior epiphysis. Anterior view.

• Humerus - inferior epiphysis. Anterior view.

• Humerus - inferior epiphysis. Posterior view.

• Humerus - inferior epiphysis. Posterior view.

• Humerus - superior epiphysis.

• Humerus - superior epiphysis. Anterior view.

• Humerus - superior epiphysis. Posterior view.

• Long Bone (Right Humerus)

• Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.

• Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.

• Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

UpToDate Contents

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Related Links

• Humerus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The humerus (ME from Latin humerus, umerus upper arm, shoulder; Gothic ams shoulder, Greek ōmos) is a long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. Anatomically, it connects the scapula and the lower arm ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「humeral」
関連記事	「arm」「upper」「upper arm」「bone」

「humeral」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 上腕骨の

関

humerus、upper arm bone

「arm」

　　[★]

• n.

• 腕、アーム、備える、武装させる

関

equip、furnish、upper extremity

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「upper」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 上部の

関

upper part

　 　 　 　 　

「upper arm」

　　[★]

• n.

• 上腕

関

brachial、brachium

「bone」

　　[★] 骨