出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/10/26 09:14:38」(JST)
Pelvic cavity | |
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Latin | cavitas pelvis |
Lymph | primarily internal iliac lymph nodes |
Bone: Pelvic cavity | |
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Male pelvis. | |
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Female pelvis. | |
Latin | pelvis major |
Gray's | subject #58 238-239 |
The pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis. Its oblique roof is the pelvic inlet (the superior opening of the pelvis). Its lower boundary is the pelvic floor.
The pelvic cavity primarily contains reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, the pelvic colon, and the rectum. The rectum is placed at the back of the pelvis, in the curve of the sacrum and coccyx; the bladder is in front, behind the pubic symphysis. In the female, the uterus and vagina occupy the interval between these viscera. The pelvic cavity also contains major arteries, veins, muscles, and nerves. These structures have to work together in a little crowded space. They can be affected by many different diseases and by many drugs in many different ways. One part may impact upon another, for example constipation may overload the rectum and compress the urinary bladder, or childbirth might damage the pudendal nerves and later lead to anal weakness.
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The lesser pelvis (or "true pelvis") is the space enclosed by the pelvic girdle and below the pelvic brim: between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic floor. This cavity is a short, curved canal, deeper on its posterior than on its anterior wall. Some consider this region to be the entirety of the pelvic cavity. Others define the pelvic cavity as the larger space including the greater pelvis, just above the pelvic inlet.
The lesser pelvis is bounded in front and below by the pubic symphysis and the superior rami of the pubes; above and behind, by the sacrum and coccyx; and laterally, by a broad, smooth, quadrangular area of bone, corresponding to the inner surfaces of the body and superior ramus of the ischium, and the part of the ilium below the arcuate line.
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posterior: sacrum, coccyx | lateral: obturator internus | anterior: pubic symphysis |
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The lesser pelvis contains the pelvic colon, rectum, bladder, and some of the organs of generation. The rectum is at the back, in the curve of the sacrum and coccyx; the bladder is in front, behind the pubic symphysis. In the female, the uterus and vagina occupy the interval between these viscera.
The pelvic splanchnic nerves arising at S2-S4 are in the lesser pelvis.
The greater pelvis (or "false pelvis") is the space enclosed by the pelvic girdle above and in front of the pelvic brim. It is bounded on either side by the ilium; in front it is incomplete, presenting a wide interval between the anterior borders of the ilia, which is filled by the parietes of the abdomen; behind is a deep notch on either side between the ilium and the base of the sacrum.
Some consider this region part of the pelvic cavity, others part of the abdominal cavity (this is why it is sometimes called the false pelvis). Others avoid the question by calling the combination the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater pelvis supports the intestines (specifically, the ileum and sigmoid colon), and transmits part of their weight to the anterior wall of the abdomen.
The femoral nerve from L2-L4 is in the greater pelvis, but not in the lesser pelvis.
Ligament | From | To |
broad ligament of the uterus | ||
* mesovarium | ovary | |
* mesosalpinx | Fallopian tube | |
* mesometrium | ||
cardinal ligament | ||
ovarian ligament | ovary | uterus |
round ligament of the uterus | ||
suspensory ligament of the ovary |
The pelvis can be classified into four main types by measuring the pelvic diameters and conjugates at the pelvic inlet and outlet and as oblique diameters.
Measurement | From | To | Length |
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Transverse diameter (of inlet) |
Between extreme lateral points of pelvic inlet | 13.5-14 cm | |
Oblique diameter I | Right sacroiliac joint | Left iliopubic eminence | 12-12.5 cm |
Oblique diameter II | Left sacroiliac joint | Right iliopubic eminence | 11.5-12 cm |
Anatomical conjugate | Pubic symphysis | Promontory | ~12 cm |
True conjugate (obsteric conjugate) |
Retropubic eminence (posterior surface |
Promontory | 11.5 cm |
Diagonal conjugate* | Inferior pubic ligament | Promontory | 13 cm |
Straight conjugate | Lower border of symphysis | Tip of coccyx | 9.5-10 cm |
Median conjugate | Lower border of symphysis | Lower border of sacrum | 11.5 cm |
Transverse diameter (of outlet) |
Between ischial tuberosities | 10-11 cm | |
Interspinous distance | Between anterior superior iliac spines | 26 cm (female) |
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Intercristal distance | Between furthest lateral points of iliac crest | 29 cm (female) |
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External conjugate | Spinous process of fifth lumbar vertebra | Upper edge of symphysis | ~20 cm |
Intertrochanteric distance | Between femurs | 31 cm | |
*Because the true conjugate can not be measured directly it is derived from the diagonal conjugate which is measured through the vagina. |
Articulations of pelvis. Anterior view.
The arteries of the pelvis.
Dissection of side wall of pelvis showing sacral and pudendal plexuses.
Sacral plexus of the right side.
Male pelvic cavity
Female pelvic cavity
Body cavities
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.
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リンク元 | 「小骨盤」 |
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