WordNet

comparative of little; "she walks less than she should"; "he works less these days"
used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs; "less interesting"; "less expensive"; "less quickly" (同)to a lesser extent
(comparative of `little usually used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning not as great in amount or degree; "of less importance"; "less time to spend with the family"; "a shower uses less water"; "less than three years old"
(nonstandard in some uses but often idiomatic with measure phrases) fewer; "less than three weeks"; "no less than 50 people attended"; "in 25 words or less"
(usually preceded by `no'
the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates (同)pelvic_girdle, pelvic arch, hip
a structure shaped like a funnel in the outlet of the kidney into which urine is discharged before passing into the ureter (同)renal_pelvis
smaller in size or amount or value; "the lesser powers of Europe"; "the lesser anteater"
of less size or importance; "the lesser anteater"; "the lesser of two evils"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(量が)(…より)『もっと少ない』,いっそう少ない;(大きさ・価値・程度などが)(…より)『もっと少ない』,さらに劣る,もっと低い《+『than』…》 / もっと少なく,…ほどでなく《+『than…』》 / 《形容詞・副詞の劣勢の意の比較級を作るのに用いて》…ほど…でない《+『than…』》 / さらに少ない数(量) / …だけ足りない,を引いた
骨盤
『いっそう小さい(少ない,重要でない)』,より劣った

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/07 13:16:54」(JST)

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The pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis. Its oblique roof is the pelvic inlet (the superior opening of the pelvis). Its lower boundary is the pelvic floor.

The pelvic cavity primarily contains reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, the pelvic colon, and the rectum. The rectum is placed at the back of the pelvis, in the curve of the sacrum and coccyx; the bladder is in front, behind the pubic symphysis. In the female, the uterus and vagina occupy the interval between these viscera. The pelvic cavity also contains major arteries, veins, muscles, and nerves. These structures have to work together in a little crowded space. They can be affected by many different diseases and by many drugs in many different ways. One part may impact upon another, for example constipation may overload the rectum and compress the urinary bladder, or childbirth might damage the pudendal nerves and later lead to anal weakness.

Borders

Pelvis

Lesser pelvis

The lesser pelvis (or "true pelvis") is the space enclosed by the pelvic girdle and below the pelvic brim: between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic floor. This cavity is a short, curved canal, deeper on its posterior than on its anterior wall. Some consider this region to be the entirety of the pelvic cavity. Others define the pelvic cavity as the larger space including the greater pelvis, just above the pelvic inlet.

The lesser pelvis is bounded in front and below by the pubic symphysis and the superior rami of the pubes; above and behind, by the sacrum and coccyx; and laterally, by a broad, smooth, quadrangular area of bone, corresponding to the inner surfaces of the body and superior ramus of the ischium, and the part of the ilium below the arcuate line.

roof: pelvic brim^[1]
posterior: sacrum, coccyx	lateral: obturator internus	anterior: pubic symphysis
floor: pelvic floor

The lesser pelvis contains the pelvic colon, rectum, bladder, and some of the organs of generation. The rectum is at the back, in the curve of the sacrum and coccyx; the bladder is in front, behind the pubic symphysis. In the female, the uterus and vagina occupy the interval between these viscera.

The pelvic splanchnic nerves arising at S2-S4 are in the lesser pelvis.

Greater pelvis

The greater pelvis (or "false pelvis") is the space enclosed by the pelvic girdle above and in front of the pelvic brim. It is bounded on either side by the ilium; in front it is incomplete, presenting a wide interval between the anterior borders of the ilia, which is filled by the parietes of the abdomen; behind is a deep notch on either side between the ilium and the base of the sacrum.

Some consider this region part of the pelvic cavity, others part of the abdominal cavity (this is why it is sometimes called the false pelvis). Others avoid the question by calling the combination the abdominopelvic cavity.

The greater pelvis supports the intestines (specifically, the ileum and sigmoid colon), and transmits part of their weight to the anterior wall of the abdomen.

The femoral nerve from L2-L4 is in the greater pelvis, but not in the lesser pelvis.

Ligaments

Ligament	From	To
broad ligament of the uterus
* mesovarium	ovary
* mesosalpinx	Fallopian tube
* mesometrium
cardinal ligament
ovarian ligament	ovary	uterus
round ligament of the uterus
suspensory ligament of the ovary

Measurements

The pelvis can be classified into four main types by measuring the pelvic diameters and conjugates at the pelvic inlet and outlet and as oblique diameters.

Female pelvic cavity

Pelvic measurements^[2]
Measurement	From	To	Length
Transverse diameter (of inlet)	Between extreme lateral points of pelvic inlet		13.5-14 cm
Oblique diameter I	Right sacroiliac joint	Left iliopubic eminence	12-12.5 cm
Oblique diameter II	Left sacroiliac joint	Right iliopubic eminence	11.5-12 cm
Anatomical conjugate	Pubic symphysis	Promontory	~12 cm
True conjugate (obsteric conjugate)	Retropubic eminence (posterior surface of symphysis)	Promontory	11.5 cm
Diagonal conjugate*	Inferior pubic ligament	Promontory	13 cm
Straight conjugate	Lower border of symphysis	Tip of coccyx	9.5-10 cm
Median conjugate	Lower border of symphysis	Lower border of sacrum	11.5 cm
Transverse diameter (of outlet)	Between ischial tuberosities		10-11 cm
Interspinous distance	Between anterior superior iliac spines		26 cm (female)
Intercristal distance	Between furthest lateral points of iliac crest		29 cm (female)
External conjugate	Spinous process of fifth lumbar vertebra	Upper edge of symphysis	~20 cm
Intertrochanteric distance	Between femurs		31 cm
*Because the true conjugate can not be measured directly it is derived from the diagonal conjugate which is measured through the vagina.

Arteries

internal iliac artery
median sacral artery
ovarian artery

Nerves

sacral plexus
splanchnic nerves
femoral nerve (greater pelvis)

Additional images

Articulations of pelvis. Anterior view.
The arteries of the pelvis.
Dissection of side wall of pelvis showing sacral and pudendal plexuses.
Sacral plexus of the right side.
Male pelvic cavity
Female pelvic cavity
Body cavities

Notes

^ "Anatomy of the Female Pelvis - D. El-Mowafi". http://www.gfmer.ch/Obstetrics_simplified/anatomy_of_the_female_pelvis.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
^ Platzer (2004), p 190

References

Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.

External links

Overview at buffalo.edu
Diagram at southwest.tn.edu
Photo of model (female)
SUNY Labs 44:os-0502 - "The Male Pelvis: Articulated bones of male pelvis"
SUNY Labs 44:os-0503

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

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UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

[Big surprise in the lesser pelvis].

Hartinger J1, Maurer E2, Walthers EM3, Hofmann R4, Hegele A4.
Der Urologe. Ausg. A.Urologe A.2016 Oct;55(10):1350-1352.
A 17-year-old young man presented at our clinic with asymptomatic microhematuria. Ultrasonography and computer tomography found an intraperitoneal lesion of unknown dignity located on top of the bladder. Surgical exploration and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a secondary pelvi
PMID 27126675

Pelvic girdle mobility of cryptodire and pleurodire turtles during walking and swimming.

Mayerl CJ1, Brainerd EL2, Blob RW3.
The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2016 Sep 1;219(Pt 17):2650-8. doi: 10.1242/jeb.141622. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
Movements of the pelvic girdle facilitate terrestrial locomotor performance in a wide range of vertebrates by increasing hind limb excursion and stride length. The extent to which pelvic movements contribute to limb excursion in turtles is unclear because the bony shell surrounding the body presents
PMID 27340204

The normal ischiofemoral distance and its variations.

Hujazi I1, Jones T1, Johal S1, Bearcroft P1, Muniz-Terra G1, Khanduja V1.
Journal of hip preservation surgery.J Hip Preserv Surg.2016 Mar 1;3(3):197-202. doi: 10.1093/jhps/hnw003. eCollection 2016.
The aim of this study is to measure the ischiofemoral distance (IFD) in the normal hip with healthy surrounding soft tissues and describe its variations caused by gender, age and proximal femoral anatomy so that this could serve as a reference for future studies on this subject. This is a retrospect
PMID 27583158