WordNet

be transplantable; "These delicate plants do not transplant easily"
an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient); "he had a kidney transplant"; "the long-term results of cardiac transplantation are now excellent"; "a child had a multiple organ transplant two months ago" (同)transplantation, organ_transplant
the act of removing something from one location and introducing it in another location; "the transplant did not flower until the second year"; "too frequent transplanting is not good for families"; "she returned to Alabama because she could not bear transplantation" (同)transplantation, transplanting
place the organ of a donor into the body of a recipient (同)graft
lift and reset in another soil or situation; "Transplant the young rice plants" (同)transfer
cause to grow together parts from different plants; "graft the cherry tree branch onto the plum tree" (同)engraft, ingraft
the act of grafting something onto something else (同)grafting
(surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient (同)transplant
a soft thin (usually translucent) paper (同)tissue_paper
part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈植物〉‘を'移植する / (…から他の場所へ)…‘を'移す,〈人〉‘を'移住させる《+名+from+名+to+名》 / (…から…へ)〈組織・器官など〉‘を'移植する《+名+from+名+to+名》 / 移植できる;移住する / 〈C〉移植された物 / 〈U〉移植すること
移植;移植した物 / 移住 / (内臓などの)移植術
(つぎ木の)つぎ穂;つぎ木 / (皮被・内臓・骨などの)移植片 / (木に)〈つぎ穂〉‘を'つぐ,(体に)〈移植片〉‘を'移植する《+『名』+『on』(『upon』,『in』,『into』)+『名』》 / …‘を'結合させる《+『名』+『together』》 / (…に)つぎ木する,移植する《+『on』(『upon』,『in』,『into』)+『名』》
収賄,汚職;贈賄;〈C〉汚職で得たもの / 汚職する,収賄する
〈U〉〈C〉(生物体の)『組織』 / 〈U〉〈C〉『薄織物』 / 〈U〉〈C〉水を吸収する柔らかな薄紙 / 〈C〉カーボンコピー用薄紙 / 〈C〉《a ~》(…を)織り交ぜて作ったもの《+of+名》 / =tissue paper

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/30 15:39:48」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Grafting refers to a surgical procedure to move tissue from one site to another on the body, or from another person, without bringing its own blood supply with it. Instead, a new blood supply grows in after it is placed. A similar technique where tissue is transferred with the blood supply intact is called a flap. In some instances a graft can be an artificially manufactured device. Examples of this are a tube to carry blood flow across a defect or from an artery to a vein for use in hemodialysis.

Classification

Autografts and isografts are usually not considered as foreign and, therefore, do not elicit rejection. Allografts and xenografts are recognized as foreign by the recipient and are rejected.^[1]

Autograft: graft taken from one part of the body of an individual and transplanted onto another site in the same individual, e.g., skin graft.
Isograft: graft taken from one individual and placed on another individual of the same genetic constitution, e.g., grafts between identical twins.
Allograft: graft taken from one individual placed on genetically non-identical member of the same species, e.g., the majority of grafts are allografts.
Xenograft: graft taken from one individual placed on an individual belonging to another species, e.g., animal to man.

Types of grafting

The term grafting is most commonly applied to skin grafting, however many tissues can be grafted: skin, bone, nerves, tendons, neurons, blood vessels, fat, and cornea are tissues commonly grafted today.

Specific types include:

Skin grafting is often used to treat skin loss due to a wound, burn, infection, or surgery. In the case of damaged skin, it is removed, and new skin is grafted in its place. Skin grafting can reduce the course of treatment and hospitalization needed, and can also improve function and appearance. There are two types of skin grafts:

Split-thickness skin grafts [epidermis + part of the dermis]
Full-thickness skin grafts [epidermis + entire thickness of the dermis]

Bone grafting^[2] is used in dental implants, as well as other instances. The bone may be autologous, typically harvested from the iliac crest of the pelvis, or banked bone.
Vascular grafting is the use of transplanted or prosthetic blood vessels in surgical procedures.
Ligament repair, as with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction or ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction.

Indications

Large amount of skin loss due to infections
Burns
Skin cancer surgery^[3]

Reasons for failure

Hematoma (a collection of blood) development when the graft is placed over an active bleed
Infection
Seroma (a collection of fluid) development
Shear force disrupting growth of new blood supply
Inappropriate bed for new blood supply to grow from, such as cartilage, tendons, or bone

References

^ Textbook of Microbiology, R. Vasanthakumari, p166, 2007, New Delhi, ISBN 978-81-7225-234-2
^ "What Is a Bone Graft?". Retrieved 18 May 2015.
^ "Skin graft". NIH. Retrieved 18 May 2015.

This medical treatment–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 直腸腟瘻および肛門腟瘻 rectovaginal and anovaginal fistulas
2. 骨盤臓器脱および腹圧性尿失禁に対するメッシュの経膣的留置の概要 overview of transvaginal placement of mesh for prolapse and stress urinary incontinence
3. 冠動脈バイパス術：失敗の原因および割合 coronary artery bypass graft surgery causes and rates of graft failure
4. 冠動脈バイパス術後の後期再発性狭心症 late recurrent angina pectoris after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
5. 冠動脈バイパス術：長期的臨床転帰 coronary artery bypass graft surgery long term clinical outcomes

English Journal

Preclinical trial of a new dual mTOR inhibitor, MLN0128, using renal cell carcinoma tumorgrafts.

Ingels A1, Zhao H, Thong AE, Saar M, Valta MP, Nolley R, Santos J, Peehl DM.Author information 1Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Kremlin-Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.AbstractmTOR is a rational target in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) because of its role in disease progression. However, the effects of temsirolimus, the only first-generation mTOR inhibitor approved by the FDA for first-line treatment of metastatic RCC, on tumor reduction and progression-free survival are minimal. Second-generation mTOR inhibitors have not been evaluated on RCC. We compared the effects of temsirolimus and MLN0128, a potent second-generation mTOR inhibitor, on RCC growth and metastasis using a realistic patient-derived tissue slice graft (TSG) model. TSGs were derived from three fresh primary RCC specimens by subrenal implantation of precision-cut tissue slices into immunodeficient mice that were randomized and treated with MLN0128, temsirolimus, or placebo. MLN0128 consistently suppressed primary RCC growth, monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in three TSG cohorts for up to 2 months. Temsirolimus, in contrast, only transiently inhibited the growth of TSGs in one of two cohorts before resistance developed. In addition, MLN0128 reduced liver metastases, determined by human-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in two TSG cohorts, whereas temsirolimus failed to have any significant impact. Moreover, MLN0128 decreased levels of key components of the two mTOR subpathways including TORC1 targets 4EBP1, p-S6K1, HIF1α and MTA1 and the TORC2 target c-Myc, consistent with dual inhibition. Our results demonstrated that MLN0128 is superior to temsirolimus in inhibiting primary RCC growth as well as metastases, lending strong support for further clinical development of dual mTOR inhibitors for RCC treatment.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 May 15;134(10):2322-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28579. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
mTOR is a rational target in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) because of its role in disease progression. However, the effects of temsirolimus, the only first-generation mTOR inhibitor approved by the FDA for first-line treatment of metastatic RCC, on tumor reduction and progression-free survival are mini
PMID 24243565

Species-specific homing mechanisms of human prostate cancer metastasis in tissue engineered bone.

Holzapfel BM1, Wagner F2, Loessner D3, Holzapfel NP3, Thibaudeau L3, Crawford R4, Ling MT5, Clements JA5, Russell PJ5, Hutmacher DW6.Author information 1Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4049, Australia; Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstr. 11, 97072 Wuerzburg, Germany. Electronic address: holzapfel@orthopaedic-oncology.net.2Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4049, Australia; Department of Orthopedics, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077 Bad Abbach, Germany.3Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4049, Australia.4Orthopedic Surgery, Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia.5Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Cells and Tissue Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4049, Australia.6Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4049, Australia; George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 2a, 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: dietmar.hutmacher@qut.edu.au.AbstractThe development of effective therapeutic strategies against prostate cancer bone metastases has been impeded by the lack of adequate animal models that are able to recapitulate the biology of the disease in humans. Bioengineered approaches allow researchers to create sophisticated experimentally and physiologically relevant in vivo models to study interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment under reproducible conditions. The aim of this study was to engineer a morphologically and functionally intact humanized organ bone which can serve as a homing site for human prostate cancer cells. Transplantation of biodegradable tubular composite scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal progenitor cells and loaded with rhBMP-7 resulted in the development of a chimeric bone construct including a large number of human mesenchymal cells which were shown to be metabolically active and capable of producing extracellular matrix components. Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that the newly formed ossicle recapitulated the morphological features of a physiological organ bone with a trabecular network surrounded by a cortex-like outer structure. This microenvironment was supportive of the lodgement and maintenance of murine haematopoietic cell clusters, thus mimicking a functional organ bone. Bioluminescence imaging demonstrated that luciferase-transduced human PC3 cells reproducibly homed to the humanized tissue engineered bone constructs, proliferated, and developed macro-metastases. This model allows the analysis of interactions between human prostate cancer cells and a functional humanized bone organ within an immuno-incompetent murine host. The system can serve as a reproducible platform to study effects of therapeutics against prostate cancer bone metastases within a humanized microenvironment.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Apr;35(13):4108-15. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.062. Epub 2014 Feb 16.
The development of effective therapeutic strategies against prostate cancer bone metastases has been impeded by the lack of adequate animal models that are able to recapitulate the biology of the disease in humans. Bioengineered approaches allow researchers to create sophisticated experimentally and
PMID 24534484

3D printing of composite calcium phosphate and collagen scaffolds for bone regeneration.

Inzana JA1, Olvera D2, Fuller SM3, Kelly JP4, Graeve OA5, Schwarz EM6, Kates SL7, Awad HA8.Author information 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14642, United States. Electronic address: jason_inzana@urmc.rochester.edu.2Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14642, United States. Electronic address: diana_olvera@urmc.rochester.edu.3Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, 1 Saxon Drive, Alfred, NY 14802, United States. Electronic address: smf13@alfred.edu.4Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, 1 Saxon Drive, Alfred, NY 14802, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive - MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, United States. Electronic address: jkelly@eng.ucsd.edu.5Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, 1 Saxon Drive, Alfred, NY 14802, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive - MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, United States. Electronic address: ograeve@ucsd.edu.6Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States. Electronic address: edward_schwarz@urmc.rochester.edu.7Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States. Electronic address: stephen_kates@urmc.rochester.edu.8Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States. Electronic address: hani_awad@urmc.rochester.edu.AbstractLow temperature 3D printing of calcium phosphate scaffolds holds great promise for fabricating synthetic bone graft substitutes with enhanced performance over traditional techniques. Many design parameters, such as the binder solution properties, have yet to be optimized to ensure maximal biocompatibility and osteoconductivity with sufficient mechanical properties. This study tailored the phosphoric acid-based binder solution concentration to 8.75 wt% to maximize cytocompatibility and mechanical strength, with a supplementation of Tween 80 to improve printing. To further enhance the formulation, collagen was dissolved into the binder solution to fabricate collagen-calcium phosphate composites. Reducing the viscosity and surface tension through a physiologic heat treatment and Tween 80, respectively, enabled reliable thermal inkjet printing of the collagen solutions. Supplementing the binder solution with 1-2 wt% collagen significantly improved maximum flexural strength and cell viability. To assess the bone healing performance, we implanted 3D printed scaffolds into a critically sized murine femoral defect for 9 weeks. The implants were confirmed to be osteoconductive, with new bone growth incorporating the degrading scaffold materials. In conclusion, this study demonstrates optimization of material parameters for 3D printed calcium phosphate scaffolds and enhancement of material properties by volumetric collagen incorporation via inkjet printing.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Apr;35(13):4026-34. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.064. Epub 2014 Feb 14.
Low temperature 3D printing of calcium phosphate scaffolds holds great promise for fabricating synthetic bone graft substitutes with enhanced performance over traditional techniques. Many design parameters, such as the binder solution properties, have yet to be optimized to ensure maximal biocompati
PMID 24529628

Japanese Journal

Effects of Demineralized Dentin Matrix Used as an rhBMP-2 Carrier for Bone Regeneration

Kim Young-Kyun,Um In-Woong,An Hyo-Jun [他]
Journal of hard tissue
NAID 40020239278

Tooth Bank System for Bone Regeneration : Safety Report

Kim Young-Kyun,Um In-Woong,Murata Masaru
Journal of hard tissue
NAID 40020167614

In Vitro Cell Viability Tests on a Composite Graft Containing Alpha Tricalcium Phosphate, Chondroitin Sulfate and Disodium Succinate

Brolese Eliane,Buser Daniel,Schaller Benoit [他]
Journal of hard tissue
NAID 40020167450

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「臓器移植」「transplant」「transplantation」「tissue transplant」「cell transplant」
拡張検索	「tissue grafting」
関連記事	「graft」「grafting」