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use recreational drugs (同)do drugs
administer a drug to; "They drugged the kidnapped tourist" (同)dose
a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic
a kind of pharmaceutical that can break up clots blocking the flow of blood to the heart muscle (同)thrombolytic_agent, clot buster

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『薬』,薬品,薬剤 / 『麻薬』,麻酔剤 / 〈人〉‘に'薬(特に麻酔剤)を与える / 〈飲食物〉‘に'(麻酔薬・毒薬などの)薬を混ぜる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/06 22:59:59」(JST)

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Thrombolytic drugs are used in medicine to dissolve blood clots in a procedure termed thrombolysis. They limit the damage caused by the blockage or occlusion of a blood vessel.^[1]

Uses

Thrombolytic agents are used for the treatment of myocardial infarction (heart attack),^[2] thromboembolic strokes, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism to clear a blocked artery and avoid permanent damage to the perfused (see perfusion) tissue (e.g. myocardium, brain, leg) and death.^[3] They may also be used to clear blocked catheters that are used in long-term medical therapy.

Thrombolytic therapy in hemorrhagic strokes is contraindicated, as its use in that situation would prolong bleeding into the intracranial space and cause further damage.

Laboratory findings in various platelet and coagulation disorders (V - T)
Condition	Prothrombin time	Partial thromboplastin time	Bleeding time	Platelet count
Vitamin K deficiency or warfarin	Prolonged	Normal or mildly prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Disseminated intravascular coagulation	Prolonged	Prolonged	Prolonged	Decreased
Von Willebrand disease	Unaffected	Prolonged or unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Hemophilia	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Aspirin	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Thrombocytopenia	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Decreased
Liver failure, early	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected	Unaffected
Liver failure, end-stage	Prolonged	Prolonged	Prolonged	Decreased
Uremia	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Congenital afibrinogenemia	Prolonged	Prolonged	Prolonged	Unaffected
Factor V deficiency	Prolonged	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Factor X deficiency as seen in amyloid purpura	Prolonged	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Bernard-Soulier syndrome	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Decreased or unaffected
Factor XII deficiency	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
C1INH deficiency	Unaffected	Shortened	Unaffected	Unaffected

Members

The thrombolytic drugs include:

tissue plasminogen activator t-PA:

alteplase (Activase)
reteplase (Retavase)
tenecteplase (TNKase)

anistreplase (Eminase)
streptokinase (Kabikinase, Streptase)
urokinase (Abbokinase)

These drugs are most effective if administered immediately after it has been determined they are clinically appropriate. The advantage of administration is highest within the first sixty minutes after a thrombotic event, but may extend up to six hours after the start of symptoms.

These drugs are often administered in combination with anticoagulant drugs such as intravenous heparin or low molecular weight heparin, for synergistic antithrombotic effects and secondary prevention.

Side-effects

Hemorrhagic stroke is a rare but serious complication of thrombolytic therapy. If a patient has had thrombolysis before, an allergy against the thrombolytic drug may have developed (especially after streptokinase). If the symptoms are mild, the infusion is stopped and the patient is commenced on an antihistamine before infusion is recommenced. Anaphylaxis generally requires immediate cessation of thrombolysis.

References

^ "Thrombolytic therapy".
^ Ellen C Keeley, Judith A Boura, Cindy L Grines (4 January 2003). "Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials". The Lancet 361: 13–20. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12113-7. PMID 12517460.
^ Selim M. Arcasoy, MD; John W. Kreit (June 1999). "Thrombolytic Therapy of Pulmonary Embolism: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence". Chest Journal 115: 1695–1707. doi:10.1378/chest.115.6.1695.

UpToDate Contents

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1. ST上昇型心筋梗塞における血栓溶解療法の特性および臨床試験 characteristics of fibrinolytic thrombolytic agents and clinical trials in acute st elevation myocardial infarction
2. 急性肺塞栓症および下肢深部静脈血栓症における線溶（血栓溶解）療法 fibrinolytic thrombolytic therapy in acute pulmonary embolism and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis
3. 血管浮腫の概要：病因と原因 an overview of angioedema pathogenesis and causes
4. 入院前の血栓溶解療法の効果 performance of prehospital fibrinolysis
5. 急性虚血性脳卒中に対する再灌流療法 reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke

English Journal

Clot retraction affects the extent of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis in an ex vivo porcine thrombosis model.

Sutton JT, Ivancevich NM, Perrin SR Jr, Vela DC, Holland CK.SourceUniversity of Cincinnati, Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Electronic address: suttonjt@mail.uc.edu.
Ultrasound in medicine & biology.Ultrasound Med Biol.2013 May;39(5):813-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.12.008. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
We investigated ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis in two whole-blood clot models using a Food and Drug Administration-approved contrast agent (Definity, Lantheus Medical Imaging; Billerica, MA USA) and thrombolytic drug (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator [rt-PA]) (Genentech; South San Fra
PMID 23453629

Purification and Characterization of a New Serine Protease with Fibrinolytic Activity from the Marine Invertebrate, Urechis unicinctus.

Bi Q, Chu J, Feng Y, Jiang Z, Han B, Liu W.SourceCollege of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road #5, Qingdao, 266003, China.
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.Appl Biochem Biotechnol.2013 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print]
A non-hemorrhagic, chymotrypsin-like serine protease, UFEII, was purified from the marine echiuroid worm, Urechis unicinctus, after a combination of chromatography steps. UFEII was monomeric, with an apparent molecular weight of 26.7 kDa via SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point of UFEII was 4.03, and th
PMID 23553102

Combining Antithrombotic and Fibrinolytic Agents: Can It Be Done?

Khatri P, Mono ML.SourceFrom the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation.Stroke.2013 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 23559267

Japanese Journal

Observational Investigation of Thrombolysis With the Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Monteplase for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Japan

NIWA Akihiro,NAKAMURA Mashio,HARADA Natsumi,MUSHA Takashi
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 76(10), 2471-2480, 2012-09-25
… Background: In Japan, the safety and efficacy of thrombolytic therapy using tissue-type plasminogen activator for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in the real world remain unclear. … Methods and Results: A total of 1,254 patients with acute PE covered by the post-marketing surveillance of thrombolytic therapy using monteplase were divided into 3 groups: cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA)/collapse group (n=85); …
NAID 10030875222

Ultrasound-responsive thrombus treatment with zinc-stabilized gelatin nano-complexes of tissue-type plasminogen activator.

Uesugi Yoshiko,Kawata Hiroyuki,Saito Yoshihiko,Tabata Yasuhiko
Journal of drug
… This study is undertaken to design zinc-stabilized gelatin nano-complexes of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) for thrombolytic therapy where the t-PA activity can be recovered in the blood circulation upon ultrasound irradiation. … The zinc-stabilized t-PA-gelatin complex is a promising t-PA delivery system which can manipulate the thrombolytic activity by the local ultrasound irradiation. …
NAID 120005285489

Novel Situations of Endothelial Injury in Stroke-Mechanisms of Stroke and Strategy of Drug Development : Intracranial Bleeding Associated With the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke : Thrombolytic Treatment of Ischemia-Affected Endothelial Cells With Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator

Suzuki Yasuhiro,Nagai Nobuo,Umemura Kazuo
Journal of pharmacological sciences 116(1), 25-29, 2011-05-20
Previous studies have shown that the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) associated with the treatment of ischemic stroke is mainly attributable to antithrombotic agents. On the basis of clinical tr …
NAID 10029893766

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「fibrinolytic agent」「thrombolytic agent」「antithrombotic agent」「血栓溶解剤」
関連記事	「thrombolytic」「thrombolytics」「drug」