関: supinator

WordNet

make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
a muscle (especially in the forearm) that produces or assists in supination

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/04 15:05:19」(JST)

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In human anatomy, the supinator is a broad muscle in the posterior compartment of the forearm, curved around the upper third of the radius. Its function is to supinate the forearm. ^[1]

Terminology

The term "supinator" can also refer more generally to a muscle that causes supination of a part of the body. In older texts, the term "supinator longus" was used to refer to the brachioradialis, and "supinator brevis" was used to the muscle now known as the supinator.

Origin and insertion

Supinator consists of two planes of fibers, between which the deep branch of the radial nerve lies. The two planes arise in common — the superficial one by tendinous (the initial portion of the muscle is actually just tendon) and the deeper by muscular fibers — ^[2] from the supinator crest of ulna, the lateral epicondyle of humerus, the radial collateral ligament, and the annular radial ligament. ^[1]

The superficial fibers (pars superficialis) surround the upper part of the radius, and are inserted into the lateral edge of the radial tuberosity and the oblique line of the radius, as low down as the insertion of the pronator teres. The upper fibers (pars profunda) of the deeper plane form a sling-like fasciculus, which encircles the neck of the radius above the tuberosity and is attached to the back part of its medial surface; the greater part of this portion of the muscle is inserted into the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the body of the radius, midway between the oblique line and the head of the bone. ^[2]

The proximal aspect of the superficial head is known as the arcade of Frohse or the supinator arch.

Action

Encircling the radius, supinator brings the hand into the supinated position. In contrast to the biceps brachii, it is able to do this in all positions of elbow flexion and extension. ^[1]

Supinator always acts together with biceps, except when the elbow joint is extended. ^[3] It is the most active muscle in forearm supination during unresisted supination, while biceps becomes increasingly active with heavy loading. Supination strength decreases by 64% if supinator is disabled by, for example, injury. ^[4]

Innervation

It is innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve,^[1] a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. ^[4]

The radial nerve divides into deep and sensory superficial branches just proximal to the supinator muscle — an arrangement that can lead to entrapment and compression of the deep part, potentially resulting in selective paralysis of the muscles served by this nerve (the extensor muscles and the abductor pollicis longus.) ^[5] Many possible causes are known for this nerve syndrome, known as supinator entrapment syndrome, including compression by various soft-tissued masses surrounding the nerve, and stress caused by repetitive supination and pronation. ^[6]

Variation

The deep radial nerve passes through the belly of supinator in 70% of cases and via the arcade of Frohse in remaining cases. ^[7]

Additional images

Bones of left forearm. Anterior aspect.

Bones of left forearm. Posterior aspect.

Front of the left forearm. Deep muscles.

Posterior surface of the forearm. Deep muscles.

Ulnar and radial arteries. Deep view.

Arteries of the back of the forearm and hand.

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Platzer 2004, p. 168
^ ^a ^b Gray's Anatomy (1918), see infobox
^ "Supinator". Loyola University Medical Education Network. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/sup.htm. Retrieved March 2011.
^ ^a ^b Duqion, Chavan & Bisson 2010, p. 414
^ Ross & Lamperti 2006, p. 345
^ Chien et al. 2003, Discussion
^ Boles, Kannam & Cardwell 2000, p. 153

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.

References

Boles, CA; Kannam, S; Cardwell, AB (2000). "The Forearm: Anatomy of Muscle Compartments and Nerves". Am. J. Roentgenol 174 (1): 151–159. http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/174/1/151.
Chien, A; Jamadar, DA; Jacobson, JA; Hayes, CW; Louis DS (2003). "Sonography and MR Imaging of Posterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome with Surgical Correlation". Am. J. Roentgenol 181 (1): 219–221. http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/181/1/219.
Duqion, TR; Chavan, RC; Bisson, LJ (2010). "Innervation of the Supinator Muscle and Its Relationship to Two-Incision Distal Biceps Tendon Repair: An Anatomic Study". Clinical Anatomy 23: 413–419. doi:10.1002/ca.20982. http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/joy/distal%20biceps%20tendon%20references/Duquin%20et%20al%202010.pdf.
Platzer, W (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 1-58890-159-9.
Ross, Lawrence M. (ed.); Lamperti, Edward D. (ed.) (2006). Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System. Thieme. ISBN 1-58890-419-9.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Thoracic limb morphology of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) evidenced by osteology and radiography.

Makungu M1, Groenewald HB, du Plessis WM, Barrows M, Koeppel KN.
The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research.Onderstepoort J Vet Res.2015 Jul 15;82(1):953. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v82i1.953.
The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is distributed primarily in the Himalayas and southern China. It is classified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The aim of this study was to describe the normal osteology and radiographic anatomy of the thoracic limb of th
PMID 26244684

Radial Tunnel Syndrome, Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma.

Moradi A1, Ebrahimzadeh MH1, Jupiter JB1.
Archives of bone and joint surgery.Arch Bone Jt Surg.2015 Jul;3(3):156-62.
Radial tunnel syndrome is a disease which we should consider it in elbow and forearm pains. It is diagnosed with lateral elbow and dorsal forearm pain may radiate to the wrist and dorsum of the fingers. The disease is more prevalent in women with the age of 30 to 50 years old. It occurs by intermitt
PMID 26213698

Ultrasound and anatomical correlation of the radial nerve at the arcade of Frohse.

Meng S1,2, Tinhofer I2, Weninger WJ2, Grisold W3.
Muscle & nerve.Muscle Nerve.2015 Jun;51(6):853-8. doi: 10.1002/mus.24483. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
INTRODUCTION: In this anatomical study we evaluated the feasibility of ultrasound (US) guided perineural injection of the deep branch of the radial nerve (DBRN) at the arcade of Frohse as potential therapy for nerve entrapment at this site.METHODS: We examined 21 arms from 11 nonembalmed cadavers wi
PMID 25297493

Japanese Journal

Simulation of the Stabilizing Mechanism of Distal Radioulnar Joint during Pronation and Supination

SHIMAWAKI Satoshi,EBE Motohiro,NAKABAYASHI Masataka,SAKAI Naotaka
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 8(3), 278-292, 2013
… We developed a biomechanical arm model comprising bone, muscle, and ligament components. … Magnetic resonance (MR) images were used to create muscle spring models simulating the pronator teres, pronator quadratus, and supinator muscles. … The distal radioulnar joint was more stable and radial laxity was less pronounced during pronation in the presence of the pronator quadratus muscle than during supination in the absence of this muscle. …
NAID 130003384003

回外筋周囲に生じた巨大な脂肪腫の1例

松田正樹,林美希,野口学,奥野眞樹
中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌. 中部日本整形外科災害外科学会抄録 52(2), 433-434, 2009-03-01
NAID 10026233047

頸椎根病変の評価に対する,円回内筋,回外筋徒手筋力検査の有用性についての検討

古谷博和,山田猛,村井弘之 [他],Ikezoe Koji,Ohyagi Yasumasa,Matsumoto Tomie,Miyoshi Tasuku,Fujii Naoki,Kira Jun-ichi,古谷博和,山田猛,村井弘之,池添浩二,大八木保政,松本富枝,三好甫,藤井直樹,吉良潤一,フルヤヒロカズ,ヤマダタケシ,ムライヒロユキ,イケゾエコウジ,オオヤギヤスマサ,マツモトトミエ,ミヨシタスク,フジイナオキ,キラジュンイチ
福岡医学雑誌 96(8), 319-325, 2005-08-25
… Laterality of muscle weakness between the pronator teres and supinator muscles (LPS) and MR images of the cervical spinal cord were examined in patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) and age-matched controls. …
NAID 120002834582

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「回外筋」
関連記事	「supinator」「muscle」

「回外筋」

Supinator muscle
	Posterior view of the supinator. (Right arm.)
Latin	musculus supinator
Gray's	subject #125 454
Origin	Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament
Insertion	Lateral proximal radial shaft
Artery	Radial recurrent artery
Nerve	posterior interosseous nerve,
Actions	Supinates forearm
Antagonist	Pronator teres, pronator quadratus

　　[★]

英: supinator (K), supinator muscle
ラ: musculus supinator
同: 外旋筋 lateral rotator
関: 回外筋、円回内筋、方形回内筋

図：K.55 N.403(筋の付着) N.423

起始

上腕骨(外側上顆、外側下部) ←おかしい？

停止

橈骨(近位外側面)

神経

橈骨神経

機能

前腕の回外
- 肘関節が伸展している場合には、回外筋が働く (K.58)
- 肘関節が屈曲している場合には、上腕二頭筋が働く (K.58)

カテゴリ

前腕の回旋筋＞:前腕の回旋筋

「supinator」

　　[★]

回外筋

関: supinator muscle

「muscle」

　　[★]

n.

筋肉

[Platzer-168-0] Platzer 2004, p. 168

[Gray.27s-1] Gray's Anatomy (1918), see infobox

[2] "Supinator". Loyola University Medical Education Network. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/sup.htm. Retrieved March 2011.

[Duqion-2010-3] Duqion, Chavan & Bisson 2010, p. 414

[4] Ross & Lamperti 2006, p. 345

[5] Chien et al. 2003, Discussion

[6] Boles, Kannam & Cardwell 2000, p. 153

Supinator muscle

Posterior view of the supinator. (Right arm.)
Latin	musculus supinator
Gray's	subject #125 454
Origin	Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament
Insertion	Lateral proximal radial shaft
Artery	Radial recurrent artery
Nerve	posterior interosseous nerve,
Actions	Supinates forearm
Antagonist	Pronator teres, pronator quadratus

匿名

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案内

案内

supinator muscle