同: 上側頭回

WordNet

of or characteristic of high rank or importance; "a superior ruler"
one of greater rank or station or quality (同)higher-up, superordinate
the head of a religious community
(often followed by `to'
(sometimes followed by `to'
having an orbit farther from the sun than the Earths orbit; "Mars and Jupiter are the closest in of the superior planets"
of high or superior quality or performance; "superior wisdom derived from experience"; "superior math students"
of this earth or world; "temporal joys"; "our temporal existence"
not eternal; "temporal matters of but fleeting moment"- F.D.Roosevelt
of or relating to or limited by time; "temporal processing"; "temporal dimensions"; "temporal and spacial boundaries"; "music is a temporal art"
of or relating to the temples (the sides of the skull behind the orbit); "temporal bone"
a town in northwest Wisconsin on Lake Superior across from Duluth
a convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain (同)convolution
any of the convolutions of the outer surface of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum

PrepTutorEJDIC

(程度・質が)『普通(平均)以上に優れた』,優秀な / (地位・階級などが)『上位の』,上級の,目上の / (数量的に)勝る,優勢な / (用動が)偉ぶった,高慢な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)屈しない,動じない《+to+名》 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(動・植物の器官や部分が)上位の,上についている / (地位・階級などが)『上位の人』,上役,上司,先輩 / 『いっそう優れた人』 / 《しばしば S-》修道院長
時の,時間の / この世の,現世の;俗界の / 一時的な,はかない
こめかみの
スペリオル湖(lake~;北米五大湖中で最北最大のもの)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/27 19:30:31」(JST)

wiki en

The superior temporal gyrus is one of three (sometimes two) gyri in the temporal lobe of the human brain, which is located laterally to the head, situated somewhat above the external ear.

The superior temporal gyrus is bounded by:

the lateral sulcus above;
the superior temporal sulcus (not always present or visible) below;
an imaginary line drawn from the preoccipital notch to the lateral sulcus posteriorly.

The superior temporal gyrus contains several important structures of the brain, including:

Brodmann areas 41 and 42, marking the location of the primary auditory cortex, the cortical region responsible for the sensation of sound;
Wernicke's area, Brodmann 22p, an important region for the processing of speech so that it can be understood as language.

The superior temporal gyrus contains the primary auditory cortex, which is responsible for processing sounds. Specific sound frequencies map precisely onto the primary auditory cortex. This auditory (or tonotopic) map is similar to the homunculus map of the primary motor cortex. Some areas of the superior temporal gyrus are specialized for processing combinations of frequencies, and other areas are specialized for processing changes in amplitude or frequency. The superior temporal gyrus also includes the Wernicke's area, which (in most people) is located in the left hemisphere. It is the major area involved in the comprehension of language. The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in social cognition.^[1]^[2]

Function

The superior temporal gyrus has been involved in the perception of emotions in facial stimuli.^[1] ^[3]) Furthermore, the superior temporal gyrus is an essential structure involved in auditory processing, as well as in the function of language in individuals who may have an impaired vocabulary, or are developing a sense of language. The superior temporal gyrus has been discovered to be an important structure in the pathway consisting of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, which are all involved in social cognition processes.^[4]^[5]^[6] Including the superior temporal gyrus, areas more anterior and dorsal within the temporal lobe have been linked to the ability of processing information the many changeable characteristics of a face.^[7] Research conducted with the use of neuroimaging have found patients with schizophrenia have structural abnormalities in their superior temporal gyrus.^[8]

Additional images

Position of superior temporal gyrus (shown in red).
Superior temporal gyrus shown in yellow. Lateral aspect of the left cerebrl hemisphere.
Lateral view of a human brain, main gyri labeled.
Drawing of a cast to illustrate the relations of the brain to the skull. (Superior temporal gyrus labeled at center, in green section.)
Cerebrum. Lateral view. Deep dissection. Superior temporal gyrus is visible at the center.

References

^ ^a ^b Erin D. Bigler, Sherstin Mortensen, E. Shannon Neeley, Sally Ozonoff, Lori Krasny, Michael Johnson, Jeffrey Lu, Sherri L. Provencal, William McMahon & Janet E. Lainhart (2007): Superior Temporal Gyrus, Language Function, and Autism, Developmental Neuropsychology, 31:2, 217-238
^ Jou, RJ.; Minshew, NJ.; Keshavan, MS.; Vitale, MP.; Hardan, AY. (Nov 2010). "Enlarged right superior temporal gyrus in children and adolescents with autism.". Brain Res 1360: 205–12. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.005. PMC 2990401. PMID 20833154.
^ Radua, Joaquim; Phillips, Mary L.; Russell, Tamara; Lawrence, Natalia; Marshall, Nicolette; Kalidindi, Sridevi; El-Hage, Wissam; McDonald, Colm; Giampietro, Vincent; Brammer, Michael J.; David, Anthony S.; Surguladze, Simon A. (2010). "Neural response to specific components of fearful faces in healthy and schizophrenic adults". NeuroImage 49 (1): 939–946. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.030. PMID 19699306.
^ Adolphs, R. (Apr 2003). "Is the human amygdala specialized for processing social information?". Ann N Y Acad Sci 985: 326–40. PMID 12724168.
^ Takahashi et al., 2004
^ Bigler, E. et al. (2007) Superior Temporal Gyrus, Language Function, and Autism Developmental Neuropsychology, 31(2), 217-238
^ Bigler ED, Mortensen S, Neeley ES, Ozonoff S, Krasny L, Johnson M, Lu J, Provencal SL, McMahon W, Lainhart JE. 2007. Superior temporal gyrus, language function, and autism. 31 (2): 217-238
^ Kasai K, Shenton ME, Salisbury DF, Hirayasu Y, Lee C-U, Ciszewski AA, et al. Progressive decrease of left superior temporal gyrus gray matter volume in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2003a;160:156–64.

[1] Erin D. Bigler, Sherstin Mortensen, E. Shannon Neeley, Sally Ozonoff, Lori Krasny, Michael Johnson, Jeffrey Lu, Sherri L. Provençal, William McMahon & Janet E. Lainhart (2007): Superior Temporal Gyrus, Language Function, and Autism, Developmental Neuropsychology, 31:2, 217-238

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Superior temporal gyrus.

Stained brain slice images which include the "Superior temporal gyrus" at the BrainMaps project

UpToDate Contents

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1. 局在関連（焦点性）てんかん：原因および臨床的特徴 localization related focal epilepsy causes and clinical features
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4. 成人におけるてんかんの外科的治療 surgical treatment of epilepsy in adults
5. 失語症患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with aphasia

English Journal

Spatial and temporal relationships of electrocorticographic alpha and gamma activity during auditory processing.

Potes C1, Brunner P2, Gunduz A3, Knight RT4, Schalk G5.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2014 Aug 15;97:188-95. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.045. Epub 2014 Apr 21.
Neuroimaging approaches have implicated multiple brain sites in musical perception, including the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus and adjacent perisylvian areas. However, the detailed spatial and temporal relationship of neural signals that support auditory processing is largely unknow
PMID 24768933

The development of human amygdala functional connectivity at rest from 4 to 23years: A cross-sectional study.

Gabard-Durnam LJ1, Flannery J2, Goff B2, Gee DG2, Humphreys KL2, Telzer E3, Hare T4, Tottenham N2.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2014 Jul 15;95:193-207. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.038. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
Functional connections (FC) between the amygdala and cortical and subcortical regions underlie a range of affective and cognitive processes. Despite the central role amygdala networks have in these functions, the normative developmental emergence of FC between the amygdala and the rest of the brain
PMID 24662579

Feeling unreal: a functional imaging study in patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome.

Kas A1, Lavault S2, Habert MO3, Arnulf I4.
Brain : a journal of neurology.Brain.2014 Jul;137(Pt 7):2077-87. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu112. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Kleine-Levin syndrome is characterized by relapsing-remitting episodes of severe hypersomnia, cognitive impairment, apathy, derealization and behavioural disturbances. Between episodes, patients have normal sleep, mood and behaviour. Functional imaging studies performed in small series of patients w
PMID 24785943

Japanese Journal

Pre-SMA actively engages in conflict processing in human: A combined study of epicortical ERPs and direct cortical stimulation.

Usami Kiyohide,Matsumoto Riki,Kunieda Takeharu,Shimotake Akihiro,Matsuhashi Masao,Miyamoto Susumu,Fukuyama Hidenao,Takahashi Ryosuke,Ikeda Akio
Neuropsychologia 51(5), 1011-1017, 2013-04
… By means of direct cortical stimulation, which excels other techniques in temporal and spatial resolutions and in the capacity of producing transient, functional impairment even in the deeply located cortices, we attempted to obtain direct evidence that the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) actively engages in conflict processing. …
NAID 120005244967

Investigation of Human Face Perception using Neuroimaging Methods

柿木隆介
Japanese Journal of Neurosurgery 22(3), 185-191, 2013
… We have been studying the underlying mechanisms of face perception in humans using magneto- (MEG) and electro-encephalography (EEG) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). With the presentation of both upright and inverted unfamiliar faces, the fusiform gyrus and the superior temporal sulcus were activated simultaneously, but independently, predominantly in the right hemisphere. …
NAID 130003379600

吃音症を聴覚で科学する

菊池良和,梅崎俊郎,小宗静男
音声言語医学 54(2), 117-121, 2013
吃音症は，原因・自然回復に誤解の多い疾患である．その誤解を解くには，吃音を科学する，ことが必要である．吃音症の興味深い特徴の一つとして，マスキングノイズや，遅延・周波数変換聴覚フィードバックを聴かせながら話すと，吃音が軽減する．その不思議な吃音症の病態は解明されていないが，聴覚入力異常が吃音症の発症に関与していることが推察できる．そこで聴覚入力機構を調べるために，時間分解能と空間分解能の高い脳磁図 …
NAID 130003373825

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「上側頭回」
関連記事	「superior」「temporal」「superio」

「上側頭回」

Superior temporal gyrus
	Superior temporal gyrus of the human brain.
	Right temporal lobe (shown in green). Superior temporal gyrus is visible at the top of the green area.
Details
Latin	gyrus temporalis superior
Part of	Temporal lobe
Artery	middle cerebral
Identifiers
NeuroNames	hier-118
NeuroLex ID	Superior temporal gyrus
Dorlands; /Elsevier	g_13/12405546
TA	A14.1.09.138
FMA	FMA:61905
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy