WordNet

of or characteristic of high rank or importance; "a superior ruler"
one of greater rank or station or quality (同)higher-up, superordinate
the head of a religious community
(often followed by `to'
(sometimes followed by `to'
having an orbit farther from the sun than the Earths orbit; "Mars and Jupiter are the closest in of the superior planets"
of high or superior quality or performance; "superior wisdom derived from experience"; "superior math students"
make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
of or relating to or near the tarsus of the foot; "tarsal bones"
any bone of the tarsus (同)tarsal_bone
a town in northwest Wisconsin on Lake Superior across from Duluth

PrepTutorEJDIC

(程度・質が)『普通(平均)以上に優れた』,優秀な / (地位・階級などが)『上位の』,上級の,目上の / (数量的に)勝る,優勢な / (用動が)偉ぶった,高慢な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)屈しない,動じない《+to+名》 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(動・植物の器官や部分が)上位の,上についている / (地位・階級などが)『上位の人』,上役,上司,先輩 / 『いっそう優れた人』 / 《しばしば S-》修道院長
〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
足首の / 足根骨
スペリオル湖(lake~;北米五大湖中で最北最大のもの)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/14 23:17:01」(JST)

wiki en

The superior tarsal muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid.

Structure

The superior tarsal muscle originates on the underside of levator palpebrae superioris and inserts on the superior tarsal plate of the eyelid.

Innervation

The superior tarsal muscle receives its innervation from the sympathetic nervous system. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate in the superior cervical ganglion, and travel via the internal carotid plexus, where small branches communicate with the oculomotor nerve as it passes through the cavernous sinus.^[1] The sympathetic fibres continue to the superior division of the oculomotor nerve, where they enter the superior tarsal muscle on its inferior aspect.

Actions

The superior tarsal muscle works to keep the upper eyelid raised after the levator palpebrae superioris has raised the upper eyelid.

Pathology

Damage to some elements of the sympathetic nervous system can inhibit this muscle, causing a drooping eyelid (partial ptosis). This is seen in Horner's syndrome. The ptosis seen in Horner's syndrome is of a lesser degree than is seen with an oculomotor nerve palsy.

Etymology

from Ancient Greek ταρσός, a "flat surface" typically used for drying.

Eponym

The term Müller's muscle is sometimes used as a synonym.^[2] However, the same term is also used for the circular fibres of the ciliary muscle,^[3]^[4] and also for the orbitalis muscle that covers the inferior orbital fissure. Given the possible confusion, the use of the term Müller's muscle should be discouraged unless the context removes any ambiguity.

References

^ Snell, R; Lemp, M (1998). Clinical Anatomy of the Eye (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9780632043446.
^ van der Werf F, Baljet B, Prins M, Timmerman A, Otto JA (1993). "Innervation of the superior tarsal (Müller's) muscle in the cynomolgus monkey: a retrograde tracing study". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34 (7): 2333–40. PMID 7685010.
^ doctor/2564 at Who Named It?
^ "Glossary of Eponyms". Retrieved 2008-02-23.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Proximal tarsal attachments of the levator aponeurosis: implications for blepharoptosis repair.

Marcet MM, Meyer DR, Greenwald MJ, Roth S, Selva D.SourceDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong, Cyberport, Hong Kong. marcet@hku.hk
Ophthalmology.Ophthalmology.2013 Sep;120(9):1924-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.012. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
PURPOSE: To examine the tarsal attachments of the levator aponeurosis.DESIGN: Experimental anatomic study.PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen orbits from 12 fresh frozen white cadavers.METHODS: Eight specimens served as controls. In the remaining 8 specimens from 4 cadavers, the upper eyelid was everted. All spec
PMID 23601804

Surgical anatomy of the upper eyelid relating to upper blepharoplasty or blepharoptosis surgery.

Hwang K.SourceDepartment of Plastic Surgery and Center for Advanced Medical Education by BK21 Project, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
Anatomy & cell biology.Anat Cell Biol.2013 Jun;46(2):93-100. doi: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.2.93. Epub 2013 Jun 30.
Eyelid anatomy, including thickness measurements, was examined in numerous age groups. The thickest part of the upper eyelid is just below the eyebrow (1.127±238 µm), and the thinnest near the ciliary margin (320±49 µm). The thickness of skin at 7 mm above the eyelashes was 860±305 µm. The res
PMID 23869256

Two modified techniques to decrease complications of buried suture double-eyelid blepharoplasty.

Mizuno T.SourceAnesis Biyogeka Clinic, Okazaki, Japan. anesis@biyoclinic.com
Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS.J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2013 Apr;66(4):e95-e100. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2012.11.019. Epub 2012 Dec 8.
BACKGROUND: Double-eyelid blepharoplasty is performed using two alternative approaches: the incision method and the suture method. Buried suture double-eyelid blepharoplasty involves implantation of a foreign material, that is, the suture thread. Therefore, potential complications caused by foreign
PMID 23232449

Japanese Journal

The human superior tarsal muscle (Muller's muscle) : a morphological classification with surgical correlations

Anatomical science international 85(1), 1-7, 2010-03-01
NAID 10027191014

Muller's superior tarsal muscle : Anatomy, physiology, and clinical significance

Ann Plast Surg 14, 324-333, 1985
NAID 30009166463

「上瞼板筋」

Superior tarsal muscle
	The tarsi and their ligaments. Right eye; front view (muscle not labeled but region is visible).
	Sagittal section of right orbital cavity (muscle not labeled but region is visible).
Details
Origin	Underside of levator palpebrae superioris
Insertion	Superior tarsal plate of the eyelid
Artery	Ophthalmic artery
Nerve	Sympathetic nervous system
Actions	Raises the upper eyelid
Identifiers
Latin	Musculus tarsalis superior
TA	A15.2.07.045
FMA	49058
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: superior tarsal muscle (M)
ラ: musculus tarsalis superior
同: ミュラー筋 Müller筋 Muller筋 Mueller muscle, Mueller's muscle　→　*毛様体に存在する毛様体筋の最内層の輪状線維をこう呼ぶことがある。？？？
関: 眼瞼、瞼板