WordNet

of or characteristic of high rank or importance; "a superior ruler"
one of greater rank or station or quality (同)higher-up, superordinate
the head of a religious community
(often followed by `to'
(sometimes followed by `to'
having an orbit farther from the sun than the Earths orbit; "Mars and Jupiter are the closest in of the superior planets"
of high or superior quality or performance; "superior wisdom derived from experience"; "superior math students"
of or relating to or near the tarsus of the foot; "tarsal bones"
any bone of the tarsus (同)tarsal_bone
a town in northwest Wisconsin on Lake Superior across from Duluth

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(程度・質が)『普通(平均)以上に優れた』,優秀な / (地位・階級などが)『上位の』,上級の,目上の / (数量的に)勝る,優勢な / (用動が)偉ぶった,高慢な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)屈しない,動じない《+to+名》 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(動・植物の器官や部分が)上位の,上についている / (地位・階級などが)『上位の人』,上役,上司,先輩 / 『いっそう優れた人』 / 《しばしば S-》修道院長
足首の / 足根骨
スペリオル湖(lake~;北米五大湖中で最北最大のもの)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/08 19:17:28」(JST)

wiki en

Not to be confused with either the orbitalis muscle or the circular fibres of the ciliary muscle. Because there are 3 muscles known as Müller's muscle.

The superior tarsal muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid.

Structure

The superior tarsal muscle originates on the underside of levator palpebrae superioris and inserts on the superior tarsal plate of the eyelid.

Innervation

The superior tarsal muscle receives its innervation from the sympathetic nervous system. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate in the superior cervical ganglion, and travel via the internal carotid plexus, where small branches communicate with the oculomotor nerve as it passes through the cavernous sinus.^[1] The sympathetic fibres continue to the superior division of the oculomotor nerve, where they enter the superior tarsal muscle on its inferior aspect.

Actions

The superior tarsal muscle works with the levator palpebrae superioris to raise the upper eyelid.

Pathology

Damage to some elements of the sympathetic nervous system can inhibit this muscle, causing a drooping eyelid (partial ptosis). This is seen in Horner's syndrome. The ptosis seen in Horner's syndrome is of a lesser degree than is seen with an oculomotor nerve palsy.

Etymology

from Ancient Greek ταρσός, a "flat surface" typically used for drying.

Eponym

The term Müller's muscle is sometimes used as a synonym.^[2] However, the same term is also used for the circular fibres of the ciliary muscle,^[3]^[4] and also for the orbitalis muscle that covers the inferior orbital fissure. Given the possible confusion, the use of the term Müller's muscle should be discouraged unless the context removes any ambiguity.

References

^ Snell, R; Lemp, M (1998). Clinical Anatomy of the Eye (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9780632043446. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ van der Werf F, Baljet B, Prins M, Timmerman A, Otto JA (1993). "Innervation of the superior tarsal (Müller's) muscle in the cynomolgus monkey: a retrograde tracing study". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34 (7): 2333–40. PMID 7685010.
^ doctor/2564 at Who Named It?
^ "Glossary of Eponyms". Retrieved 2008-02-23.

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English Journal

[Ptosis in the differential diagnosis of neurologic diseases].

Hartmann A, Berendes K, Berlit P.AbstractThis review summarizes those neurological diseases which are accompanied by a drooping of the upper lid, due to weakness of the m. levator palpebrae or m. tarsalis respectively. After connatal ptosis with or without involvement of other bulbar muscles the different types of muscular dystrophies are mentioned. Myositis, disturbances of potassium regulation and myasthenia gravis are other causes of ptosis. Diseases involving the oculomotor nerve (aneurysm, upper herniation, cavernous sinus thrombosis, orbital cavity processes, superior orbital fissure syndrome) may lead to associated ptosis. Metabolic disturbances, such as diabetes mellitus, Wernicke's encephalopathy and botulism may be accompanied by ptosis. Infectious diseases such as polyneuritis, meningitis or encephalitis can lead to ptosis. Sympatholytic ptosis is due to diseases of the central or peripheral course of the sympathetic nerve from the diencephalon via the cervical medulla, the neck, internal carotid artery to the superior orbital fissure. This type of ptosis is usually accompanied by miosis and often by sweating loss on the same side.
Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde.Klin Monbl Augenheilkd.1983 Feb;182(2):113-20.
This review summarizes those neurological diseases which are accompanied by a drooping of the upper lid, due to weakness of the m. levator palpebrae or m. tarsalis respectively. After connatal ptosis with or without involvement of other bulbar muscles the different types of muscular dystrophies are
PMID 6405079

「上瞼板筋」

Superior tarsal muscle
	The tarsi and their ligaments. Right eye; front view (muscle not labeled but region is visible).
	Sagittal section of right orbital cavity (muscle not labeled but region is visible).
Latin	Musculus tarsalis superior
Origin	Underside of levator palpebrae superioris
Insertion	Superior tarsal plate of the eyelid
Artery	Ophthalmic artery
Nerve	Sympathetic nervous system
Actions	Raises the upper eyelid
	Anatomical terms of muscle

　　[★]

英: superior tarsal muscle (M)
ラ: musculus tarsalis superior
同: ミュラー筋 Müller筋 Muller筋 Mueller muscle, Mueller's muscle　→　*毛様体に存在する毛様体筋の最内層の輪状線維をこう呼ぶことがある。？？？
関: 眼瞼、瞼板