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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/20 20:38:04」(JST)

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The whinchat has a prominent white supercilium.

The supercilium is a plumage feature found on the heads of some bird species. It is a stripe which runs from the base of the bird's beak above its eye, finishing somewhere towards the rear of the bird's head.^[1] Also known as an "eyebrow",^[1] it is distinct from the eyestripe, which is a line which runs across the lores, and continues behind the eye.^[2] Where a stripe is present only above the lores, and does not continue behind the eye, it is called a supraloral stripe or simply supraloral.^[1] On most species which display a supercilium, it is paler than the adjacent feather tracts.^[3]

The colour, shape or other features of the supercilium can be useful in bird identification. For example, the supercilium of the dusky warbler, an Old World warbler species, can be used to distinguish it from the very similar Radde's warbler. The dusky warbler's supercilium is sharply demarcated, whitish and narrow in front of the eye, becoming broader and more buffy towards the rear, whereas that of the Radde's warbler is diffusely defined, yellowish and broadest in front of the eye, becoming narrower and more whitish toward the rear.^[4] The supercilium of the northern waterthrush, a New World warbler, differs subtly from that of the closely related (and similarly plumaged) Louisiana waterthrush. The Louisiana has a bicoloured supercilium which widens significantly behind the eye, while the northern has an evenly buffy eyebrow which is either the same width throughout or slightly narrower behind the eye.^[5]

A split supercilium divides above the lores. In some species, such as the jack snipe, the divided stripes reconnect again behind the eye.^[6] In others, such as the broad-billed sandpiper, the divided stripes remain separate.^[7]

A supercilium drop is a feature found on some pipits;^[8] it is a pale spot on the rear of the ear-coverts which, although separated from the supercilium by an eyestripe, can appear at some angles to be a downward continuation of the supercilium.

The Canada warbler shows a yellow supraloral.
The broad-billed sandpiper has a split supercilium...
...as does the jack snipe.
The olive-backed pipit has a supercilium drop.

ReferencesEdit

NotesEdit

^ ^a ^b ^c Dunn and Alderfer (2006), p. 10
^ Dunn and Alderfer (2006), p. 11
^ Kaufman, Kenn (2011) A Field Guide to Advanced Birding ISBN 978-0-547-24832-5, page 51
^ Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars; Zetterström, Dan; Grant, Peter J (1999). Collins Bird Guide. London: HarperCollins. p. 306–307. ISBN 0-00-219728-6.
^ Dunn and Alderfer (2006), p. 394.
^ Hayman, Marchant and Prater (1986), p. 359
^ Hayman, Marchant and Prater (1986), p. 383
^ Harris, Alan; Tucker, Laurel; Vinicombe, Keith (1989). The MacMillan Field Guide to Bird Identification. p. 158. ISBN 1-85627-641-4.

SourcesEdit

Dunn, Jon L.; Alderfer, Jonathan, eds. (2006). Field Guide to the Birds of North America. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. ISBN 0-7922-5314-0.
Hayman, Peter; Marchant, John; Prater, Tony (1986). Shorebirds. Breckenham, UK: Croom Helm. ISBN 0-7099-2034-2.

English Journal

Tuberous Sclerosis with Severe Cutaneous Manifestation and Multiples Facial Angiofibromas.

Garcia NG1, de Carli ML2, Oliveira DT3, Soares CT4, Ribeiro Júnior NV2, Sperandio FF2, Hanemann JA2.
Head and neck pathology.Head Neck Pathol.2016 Dec;10(4):542-546. Epub 2016 May 2.
Tuberous sclerosis is an extremely variable disease that can affect virtually any organ in the body. The most common findings are cutaneous manifestations, that are critical features in helping to establish diagnosis. We present a case of young man with diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis presenting mul
PMID 27140177

Characterization of SPATA5-related encephalopathy in early childhood.

Kurata H1, Terashima H2, Nakashima M3, Okazaki T4, Matsumura W4, Ohno K4, Saito Y4, Maegaki Y4, Kubota M5, Nanba E6, Saitsu H7, Matsumoto N3, Kato M8.
Clinical genetics.Clin Genet.2016 Nov;90(5):437-444. doi: 10.1111/cge.12813. Epub 2016 Jul 4.
Mutations in SPATA5 have recently been shown to result in a phenotype of microcephaly, intellectual disability, seizures, and hearing loss in childhood. Our aim in this report is to delineate the SPATA5 syndrome as a clinical entity, including the facial appearance, neurophysiological, and neuroimag
PMID 27246907

Single Hair Grafts of the Hairline to Aesthetically Restore Eyebrows by Follicular Unit Extraction in Asians.

Miao Y1, Fan ZX, Hu ZQ, Jiang JD.
Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].Dermatol Surg.2016 Nov;42(11):1300-1302.
PMID 27618392

Japanese Journal

ヤナギムシクイ<i>Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus</i>の日本における記録

山階鳥類学雑誌 42(2), 164-174, 2011
NAID 130003369151

東京都八丈島におけるオオチドリＣｈａｒａｄｒｉｕｓ　ｖｅｒｅｄｕｓの記録

山階鳥類学雑誌 40(2), 156-158, 2009
NAID 130000677466

日本におけるヒメウタイムシクイＨｉｐｐｏｌａｉｓ　ｃａｌｉｇａｔａの初記録

山階鳥類学雑誌 37(1), 14-19, 2005
NAID 130000446285

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