WordNet

the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
a small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes

PrepTutorEJDIC

answer / ampere
arsenicの化学記号

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1. ミトコンドリアミオパシー：治療 mitochondrial myopathies treatment
2. 鉄芽球性貧血の病態生理 pathophysiology of the sideroblastic anemias
3. 先天性および後天性鉄芽球性貧血の原因 causes of congenital and acquired sideroblastic anemias
4. メープルシロップ尿症の概要 overview of maple syrup urine disease
5. ミトコンドリアミオパシー：臨床的特徴および診断 mitochondrial myopathies clinical features and diagnosis

English Journal

Metabolic flux analysis of recombinant Pichia pastoris growing on different glycerol/methanol mixtures by iterative fitting of NMR-derived (13)C-labelling data from proteinogenic amino acids.

Jordà J, de Jesus SS, Peltier S, Ferrer P, Albiol J.Author information Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.AbstractThe yeast Pichia pastoris has emerged as one of the most promising yeast cell factories for the production of heterologous proteins. The readily available genetic tools and the ease of high-cell density cultivations using methanol or glycerol/methanol mixtures are among the key factors for this development. Previous studies have shown that the use of mixed feeds of glycerol and methanol seem to alleviate the metabolic burden derived from protein production, allowing for higher specific and volumetric process productivities. However, initial studies of glycerol/methanol co-metabolism in P. pastoris by classical metabolic flux analyses using (13)C-derived Metabolic Flux Ratio (METAFoR) constraints were hampered by the reduced labelling information obtained when using C3:C1 substrate mixtures in relation to the conventional C6 substrate, that is, glucose. In this study, carbon flux distributions through the central metabolic pathways in glycerol/methanol co-assimilation conditions have been further characterised using biosynthetically directed fractional (13)C labelling. In particular, metabolic flux distributions were obtained under 3 different glycerol/methanol ratios and growth rates by iterative fitting of NMR-derived (13)C-labelling data from proteinogenic amino acids using the software tool (13)CFlux2. Specifically, cells were grown aerobically in chemostat cultures fed with 80:20, 60:40 and 40:60 (w:w) glycerol/methanol mixtures at two dilutions rates (0.05 hour(-1) and 0.16 hour(-1)), allowing to obtain additional data (biomass composition and extracellular fluxes) to complement pre-existing datasets. The performed (13)C-MFA reveals a significant redistribution of carbon fluxes in the central carbon metabolism as a result of the shift in the dilution rate, while the ratio of carbon sources has a lower impact on carbon flux distribution in cells growing at the same dilution rate. At low growth rate, the percentage of methanol directly dissimilated to CO2 ranges between 50% and 70%. At high growth rate the methanol is completely dissimilated to CO2 by the direct pathway, in the two conditions of highest methanol content.
New biotechnology.N Biotechnol.2014 Jan 25;31(1):120-32. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.06.007. Epub 2013 Jul 8.
The yeast Pichia pastoris has emerged as one of the most promising yeast cell factories for the production of heterologous proteins. The readily available genetic tools and the ease of high-cell density cultivations using methanol or glycerol/methanol mixtures are among the key factors for this deve
PMID 23845285

Metatranscriptomic analyses of plankton communities inhabiting surface and subpycnocline waters of the Chesapeake Bay during oxic-anoxic-oxic transitions.

Hewson I, Eggleston EM, Doherty M, Lee DY, Owens M, Shapleigh JP, Cornwell JC, Crump BC.Author information Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.AbstractWe used metatranscriptomics to study the gene transcription patterns of microbial plankton (0.2 to 64 μm) at a mesohaline station in the Chesapeake Bay under transitions from oxic to anoxic waters in spring and from anoxic to oxic waters in autumn. Samples were collected from surface (i.e., above pycnocline) waters (3 m) and from waters beneath the pycnocline (16 to 22 m) in both 2010 and 2011. Metatranscriptome profiles based on function and potential phylogeny were different between 2010 and 2011 and strongly variable in 2011. This difference in variability corresponded with a highly variable ratio of eukaryotic to bacterial sequences (0.3 to 5.5), reflecting transient algal blooms in 2011 that were absent in 2010. The similarity between metatranscriptomes changed at a lower rate during the transition from oxic to anoxic waters than after the return to oxic conditions. Transcripts related to photosynthesis and low-affinity cytochrome oxidases were significantly higher in shallow than in deep waters, while in deep water genes involved in anaerobic metabolism, particularly sulfate reduction, succinyl coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA)-to-propionyl-CoA conversion, and menaquinone synthesis, were enriched relative to in shallow waters. Expected transitions in metabolism between oxic and anoxic deep waters were reflected in elevated levels of anaerobic respiratory reductases and utilization of propenediol and acetoin. The percentage of archaeal transcripts increased in both years in late summer (from 0.1 to 4.4% of all transcripts in 2010 and from 0.1 to 6.2% in 2011). Denitrification-related genes were expressed in a predicted pattern during the oxic-anoxic transition. Overall, our data suggest that Chesapeake Bay microbial assemblages express gene suites differently in shallow and deep waters and that differences in deep waters reflect variable redox states.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2014 Jan;80(1):328-38. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02680-13. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
We used metatranscriptomics to study the gene transcription patterns of microbial plankton (0.2 to 64 μm) at a mesohaline station in the Chesapeake Bay under transitions from oxic to anoxic waters in spring and from anoxic to oxic waters in autumn. Samples were collected from surface (i.e., above p
PMID 24162577

The mitochondrial isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M) and glucose homeostasis: Has it been overlooked?

Stark R, Kibbey RG.Author information Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. Electronic address: romana.stark@monash.edu.AbstractBACKGROUND: Plasma glucose levels are tightly regulated within a narrow physiologic range. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake by tissues must be balanced by the appearance of glucose from nutritional sources, glycogen stores, or gluconeogenesis. In this regard, a common pathway regulating both glucose clearance and appearance has not been described. The metabolism of glucose to produce ATP is generally considered to be the primary stimulus for insulin release from beta-cells. Similarly, gluconeogenesis from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is believed to be the primarily pathway via the cytosolic isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C). These models cannot adequately explain the regulation of insulin secretion or gluconeogenesis.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Oct 28. pii: S0304-4165(13)00473-X. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.033. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Plasma glucose levels are tightly regulated within a narrow physiologic range. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake by tissues must be balanced by the appearance of glucose from nutritional sources, glycogen stores, or gluconeogenesis. In this regard, a common pathway regulating both glucose
PMID 24177027

Japanese Journal

A specialized citric acid cycle requiring succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA) : acetate CoA-transferase (AarC) confers acetic acid resistance on the acidophile Acetobacter aceti

J. Bacteriol. 190, 4933-4940, 2008
NAID 80019629192

Reduced expression of succinyl-coenzyme A ligase can be compensated for by up-regulation of the gamma-aminobutyrate shunt in illuminated tomato leaves

Plant Physiol. 145, 626-639, 2007
NAID 80018062724

Enzymes of ketone body utilization in human tissues : protein and messenger RNA levels of succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA) : 3-ketoacid CoA transferase and mitochondrial and cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolases