WordNet

the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment
a surface on which an organism grows or is attached; "the gardener talked about the proper substrate for acid-loving plants" (同)substratum
an indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous population; "the Celtic languages of Britain are a substrate for English" (同)substratum
any stratum or layer lying underneath another (同)substratum

PrepTutorEJDIC

《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
OLD French古[代]フランス語

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1. 乳児および小児における低血糖に対するアプローチ approach to hypoglycemia in infants and children
2. 乳児および小児における低血糖症の原因 causes of hypoglycemia in infants and children
3. 成人における低血糖：臨床症状、定義、および原因 hypoglycemia in adults clinical manifestations definition and causes
4. 重症患者における栄養補給：概要 nutrition support in critically ill patients an overview
5. ステロイド誘導性ミオパチー glucocorticoid induced myopathy

Impairments of hepatic gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in PPARα-deficient neonatal mice.

Cotter DG1, Ercal B2, André d'Avignon D3, Dietzen DJ4, Crawford PA5.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.2014 Jul 15;307(2):E176-85. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00087.2014. Epub 2014 May 27.
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα) is a master transcriptional regulator of hepatic metabolism and mediates the adaptive response to fasting. Here, we demonstrate the roles for PPARα in hepatic metabolic adaptations to birth. Like fasting, nutrient supply is abruptly altered at
PMID 24865983

A patient with acute liver failure and extreme hypoglycaemia with lactic acidosis who was not in a coma: causes and consequences of lactate-protected hypoglycaemia.

Oldenbeuving G1, McDonald J, Goodwin M, Sayilir R, Reijngoud D, Gladden L, Nijsten M.
Anaesthesia and intensive care.Anaesth Intensive Care.2014 Jul;42(4):507-511.
Lactate can substitute for glucose as a metabolic substrate. We report a patient with acute liver failure who was awake despite a glucose level of 0.7 mmol/l with very high lactate level of 25 mmol/l. The hypoglycaemia+hyperlactataemia combination may be considered paradoxical since glucose is the m
PMID 24967767

Insights into the Microbial Degradation of Rubber and Gutta-Percha by Analysis of the Complete Genome of Nocardia nova SH22a.

Luo Q1, Hiessl S1, Poehlein A2, Daniel R2, Steinbüchel A3.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2014 Jul 1;80(13):3895-3907. Epub 2014 Apr 18.
The complete genome sequence of Nocardia nova SH22a was determined in light of the remarkable ability of rubber and gutta-percha (GP) degradation of this strain. The genome consists of a circular chromosome of 8,348,532 bp with a G+C content of 67.77% and 7,583 predicted protein-encoding genes. Func
PMID 24747905

Maternal protein restriction induces alterations in insulin signaling and ATP sensitive potassium channel protein in hypothalami of intrauterine growth restriction fetal rats

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Journal of
… It is well recognized that intrauterine growth restriction leads to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. … To investigate the mechanisms behind this "metabolic imprinting" phenomenon, we examined the impact of maternal undernutrition on insulin signaling pathway and the ATP sensitive potassium channel expression in the hypothalamus of intrauterine growth restriction fetus. …
NAID 130004879309

Aldosterone Stimulates Gene Expression of Hepatic Gluconeogenic Enzymes through the Glucocorticoid Receptor in a Manner Independent of the Protein Kinase B Cascade

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Endocrine Journal 51(2), 243-251, 2004
… Primary aldosteronism is associated with glucose intolerance and diabetes, which is due in part to impaired insulin release caused by reduction of potassium, although other possibilities remain to be elucidated. … To evaluate the in vivo effects of aldosterone on glucose metabolism, a single dose of aldosterone was administered to mice, which resulted in elevation of the blood glucose level. …
NAID 130004443123

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日本腎臓学会誌 36(11), 1247-1250, 1994
… To provide evidence on renal gluconeogenesis in humans and to compare with rats and rabbits, glucose production from several substrates was determined using cortical slices of the three species. … In humans, the normal parts of kidney tissue were obtained from six cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and four cases of renal cell carcinoma. …
NAID 130004170114